mRNAワクチン接種とCOVID-19の入院と疾患の重症度の関連
Mark W Tenforde1, Wesley H Self2, Katherine Adams1
1CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA
|November 4, 2021
まとめ
mRNA COVID-19 ワクチンは,入院と重度の疾患の進行を大幅に軽減しました. ワクチン接種は,突破性の感染症でも,死または機械呼吸器を含む重大な病気から保護しました.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 感染症
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- COVID-19 ワクチンの利点を理解するには,ウイルスに感染したワクチン接種した個体における疾患の弱体化または重度の低下を評価する必要があります.
- mRNAワクチン (Moderna,Pfizer-BioNTech) は広く使用されており,深刻なCOVID-19のアウトカムに対する実際の効果の評価が必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- mRNA COVID-19ワクチン接種とCOVID-19の入院との関連性を評価する.
- 入院患者におけるmRNA COVID-19ワクチン接種と重篤な疾患 (死亡または機械呼吸器) の進行との関連を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2021年3月から8月の間に入院した成人の4513人を対象とした,米国に拠点を置く症例対照研究.
- ワクチン接種状態は,COVID-19患者と対照群 (代替診断) と,COVID-19患者の病気進行と進行しない状態を比較した.
- 多変数ロジスティック回帰分析を用いて関連性を測定し,関連する要因を調整した.
主要な成果:
- COVID-19の入院率は,ワクチン接種を受けた者 (15.8%) とワクチン接種を受けていない者 (84.2%) と比較すると,著しく低い.
- ワクチン接種は,入院したCOVID-19患者 (12.0% vs 24.7%) の間で,重症疾患 (死亡または機械呼吸器) の発生確率の低下と関連していました.
- 免疫能力とワクチン接種後の時間によって保護は異なっており,免疫能力のある個体とModernaのmRNA-1273ワクチンではより強い効果が観察されました.
結論:
- mRNAのCOVID-19ワクチン接種は,入院や重度の疾患の進行の可能性を大幅に低下させる.
- これらの発見は,mRNAワクチンの有効性を支持し,死亡と機械呼吸器を含む重大なCOVID-19のアウトカムリスクを軽減します.
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