アンモニアの削減は,PM2.5の空気汚染を軽減するために,窒素酸化物よりも費用対効果が高い
Baojing Gu1,2, Lin Zhang3, Rita Van Dingenen4
1College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
まとめ
窒素化合物は空気汚染の主要な原因であり,世界中で数百万人の早期死亡を引き起こしています. アンモニアの排出量を削減することは,これらの健康への影響を軽減するための費用対効果の高い戦略です.
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 公衆衛生
- 大気化学
背景:
- 微細粒子 (PM2.5) は人間の健康に重大な危険をもたらす.
- 二酸化硫黄,窒素酸化物,アンモニアはPM2.5形成の主要な前駆体です.
- これらのPM2.5前駆体,特に窒素に起因する世界的な健康上の負担は,まだ定量化されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 窒素の排出が世界のPM2.5曝露に与える影響と健康への影響を分析する.
- 窒素による早死による寿命と経済的福祉の損失を定量化する.
- アンモニアの削減と窒素酸化物の削減の費用対効果を比較する.
主な方法:
- 1990年と2013年の世界的なデータを活用して,PM2.5曝露の変化を評価した.
- 推定された健康への影響 失われた寿命年数 (YLL) のような指標を用いて
- 早期死亡に関連した経済的福祉の損失を計算します.
- 異なる前駆体ガスの限界削減コストを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 窒素は2013年に世界のPM2.5被曝量の39%を占め,1990年の30%から増加しました.
- 窒素の排出は2013年に推定2330万人の命を奪いました
- 窒素排出による早期死亡による年間福祉損失は420億ドルと推定されています.
- アンモニアの限界削減コストは窒素酸化物よりもかなり低い (10%).
結論:
- 反応性窒素の排出は,世界のPM2.5曝露と関連する健康上の負担を増加させる要因です.
- アンモニアの削減をターゲットにすることは,PM2.5の汚染による健康への影響を軽減するための非常に費用対効果の高い戦略です.
- 政策の介入は,公衆衛生上の利益を増やすため,アンモニア排出量管理を優先すべきです.
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