2021年における米国退役軍人のSARS-CoV-2ワクチンによる保護と死亡
Barbara A Cohn1, Piera M Cirillo1,2, Caitlin C Murphy3
1Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA.
まとめ
SARS-CoV-2感染に対するワクチンの有効性は2021年に低下し,ジャンセンは最も急激に減少した. しかし,すべてのワクチンは,特にデルタ変異の急増の間,死亡から保護し続けました.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学について
背景:
- 重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2型 (SARS-CoV-2型) は,世界的な健康上の重大な脅威となっている.
- ワクチン接種はSARS-CoV-2感染と死亡率を軽減する主要な戦略です.
- ワクチンの有効性 (VE) を種類別と時間単位で理解することは,公衆衛生政策にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2ワクチンの感染 (VE-I) と死亡 (VE-D) に対する有効性を,ワクチン型によって評価する.
- デルタ変異の急増の際に VEの傾向を評価する.
- 進行中のワクチン接種とブースター戦略を伝えるために.
主な方法:
- 退役軍人保健局の780,225人の退役軍人を対象とした遡及的なコホート研究.
- 2021年2月から10月までのVE-IとVE-Dの分析
- VE-Dの階層化年齢層 (65歳以下と65歳以上)
主要な成果:
- VE-Iは2021年2月から10月までのすべてのワクチンタイプで減少し,最も大きな減少はヤンセンワクチン (VE-I: 13.1%) であった.
- ワクチン接種は,デルタ変異の急増の際に突破的な感染でも,死亡から保護し続けました.
- VE- Dはワクチンタイプと年齢によって変化した: 65歳未満では,VE- Dは73. 0% (ヤンセン),81. 5% (モダナ),84. 3% (ファイザー- バイオテック),65歳以上では,VE- Dは52. 2% (ヤンセン),75. 5% (モダナ),70. 1% (ファイザー- バイオテック) である.
結論:
- 発見は,時間とともにSARS-CoV-2ワクチンの有効性が低下していることを強調しています.
- ワクチン接種は,特に高齢者の場合,COVID-19に関連する死亡に対して重要な保護を提供し続けています.
- 継続的なワクチン接種,ブースターキャンペーン,層次的な保護措置は,SARS-CoV-2感染と死亡率と戦うために不可欠です.
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