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関連する概念動画

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

25.0K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
25.0K
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
1.3K
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.4K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.4K
Isothermal Processes01:21

Isothermal Processes

4.1K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
4.1K
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

221
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
221
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

19.4K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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最後の氷河期以来の地球全体の表面温度

Matthew B Osman1, Jessica E Tierney2, Jiang Zhu3

  • 1Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. mattosman@arizona.edu.

Nature
|November 11, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

氷床,温室効果ガス,海洋循環,日焼けによる 気温の変動が 24,000年以上に渡る 気候の変化を明らかにしています 現代の温暖化は この古気候記録と比較して 速さも規模も前例のないものです

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Laser-Induced Fluorescence Emission L.I.F.E. as Novel Non-Invasive Tool for In-Situ Measurements of Biomarkers in Cryospheric Habitats
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In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

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科学分野:

  • 古気象学と地球システム科学
  • 気候モデリングとデータ同化

背景:

  • 過去の気候の変動を理解することは 将来の地球システムの反応を 予測するのに不可欠です
  • 気候モデルとプロキシデータを用いた以前の研究では 過去の気候変化について 矛盾する結論が得られました

研究 の 目的:

  • 過去2万4千年の 表面温度の変化を 再度分析したものです
  • この期間の気温変動を促す 主要な気候メカニズムを特定する.
  • 最近の温暖化傾向と 長期の古気候変化を比較するためです

主な方法:

  • 気候モデルシミュレーションとプロキシデータを組み合わせるために,古気候データの同化が使用されました.
  • 表面温度変化の200年解像度再分析が生成された.
  • 分析は氷床と温室効果ガスの放射力強迫と 海洋循環と太陽照射の変化に焦点を当てた.

主要な成果:

  • 温度の変動は主に放射力強迫と海洋/太陽熱の変化によって引き起こされた.
  • 世界平均気温はホロセンの初期から約0.5°C上昇しています.
  • 過去2万4千年に比べ 現代温暖化の速度と規模は前例のないものです

結論:

  • この研究は過去2万4000年にわたる 気候変動に関する 統一された見解を示しています
  • 現代の温暖化は,長期的な古気候の文脈で見ると,速度と規模の両方において例外的です.
  • この研究は現在の気候の傾向が 自然の変動から大きく逸脱していることを示しています