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関連する概念動画

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.8K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.8K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

24.0K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
24.0K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

15.0K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
15.0K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

7.9K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
7.9K
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

6.2K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
6.2K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

14.7K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
14.7K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Oct 13, 2025

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C
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細胞型の専門化は,特定のクロマチンのトポロジーによってコードされる.

Warren Winick-Ng1, Alexander Kukalev2, Izabela Harabula2,3

  • 1Max-Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Epigenetic Regulation and Chromatin Architecture Group, Berlin, Germany. warren.winick-ng@mdc-berlin.de.

Nature
|November 18, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

特定の脳細胞の構造を3Dマッピングするために immunoGAMを開発しました 組織を破壊することなくです この方法は,クロマチンの組織が遺伝子発現と特殊な神経機能とどのように関係しているかを明らかにします.

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TChIP-Seq: Cell-Type-Specific Epigenome Profiling
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TChIP-Seq: Cell-Type-Specific Epigenome Profiling

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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

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関連する実験動画

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TChIP-Seq: Cell-Type-Specific Epigenome Profiling
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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクスと分子生物学
  • 神経科学
  • エピジェネティクス

背景:

  • 三次元 (3D) のクロマチンの構造は遺伝子調節と細胞機能に不可欠です.
  • 既存の染色体構成捕捉方法は,神経系をマッピングする上で,特に組織解離なしに動的変化と細胞タイプ特異性に関して制限があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 単一の動物から特定の脳細胞の3Dクロマチンのトポロジーをゲノム全体にマッピングするための新しい方法である immunoGAMを開発し,適用する.
  • 細胞型の特殊な3D染色体構造と脳内の遺伝子発現パターンの関係を調査する.

主な方法:

  • ImmunoGAMは,ゲノムアーキテクチャマッピング (GAM) の拡張であり,ゲノムトポロジをマッピングするために核冷凍部分の結合フリー技術を使用しています.
  • 細胞数が少ない複雑な組織から細胞型の選択を可能にします. 組織解離を回避する.
  • クロマチンの相互作用は,核スライスにおけるDNAロシの共分離確率を分析することによって識別される.

主要な成果:

  • 細胞型の特殊な3Dクロマチンの構造は複数のゲノムスケールでマッピングされ,遺伝子発現パターンと相関していた.
  • 長い遺伝子の広範な"溶解"は,高い発現および/または高いクロマチンのアクセシビリティで観察されました.
  • ニューロンサブタイプに特異的な接触には,中毒とシナプス可塑性に関連する遺伝子が含まれており,アクセス可能なクロマチンの転写因子結合部位があります.
  • センサリー受容体の遺伝子は異色コンパートメントで発見され,長距離コンタクトを形成しました.

結論:

  • ImmunoGAMは,特定の脳細胞の3Dクロマチンの組織を単一動物の解像度で研究するための強力なツールを提供します.
  • 脳細胞の特定の染色体構成は 遺伝子調節機構と 特殊な細胞機能と密接に結びついています
  • この発見は,神経細胞のアイデンティティと機能における3Dゲノムアーキテクチャの重要性を強調しています.