抗原を呈する先天性リンパ細胞が神経炎症を誘発する
John B Grigg1,2,3, Arthi Shanmugavadivu4, Tommy Regen4
1Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|December 2, 2021
まとめ
炎症性グループ3の先天性リンパ球 (ILC3) は中枢神経系 (CNS) のT細胞反応を促進し,多発性硬化症のような疾患を誘発する. 周辺のILC3は,この自己免疫神経炎症を予防する可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 神経免疫学
- 免疫学
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- 中枢神経系 (CNS) の炎症性T細胞は,脱ミエリン化および神経変性疾患と関連しています.
- 中枢神経系のT細胞反応を制御する正確な経路は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 神経炎症の間の中枢神経系の先天性リンパ球 (ILC) の役割を定義する.
- 多発性硬化症 (MS) のマウスモデルにおけるグループ3の先天性リンパ球 (ILC3) の機能を調査する.
主な方法:
- MSのマウスモデルの中枢神経系におけるILC3集団の分析
- 中枢神経系における抗原呈現細胞 (APC) としてILC3の機能を評価する.
- 人間のMS患者におけるILC3の調査
主要な成果:
- 炎症性ILC3の集団は中枢神経系に浸透し,循環から発生し,T細胞の近くに存在します.
- これらのCNS ILC3はAPCとして働き,ミエリン特異のT細胞を再刺激し,病気を促進します.
- これらの炎症性ILC3のレベルは,MS患者において上昇している.
- 周辺のILC3は,ミエリン抗原を標的にすると,自己免疫T細胞の反応を制限し,病気を予防します.
結論:
- 中枢神経系の炎症性ILC3は,T細胞依存性神経炎症とMS型疾患の重要な原動力である.
- 周辺組織に定着するILC3は保護的役割を果たし,自己免疫疾患の予防に活用できる.
関連する概念動画
01:22Antigen Presenting Cells
2.3K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
2.3K
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
1.5K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.5K
01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
5.6K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
5.6K
01:28Cells of the Innate Immune Response
5.9K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
5.9K
01:18Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
1.9K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
1.9K
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
1.1K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.1K