異種感染とワクチン接種は,SARS-CoV-2変種に対する免疫を形作る
Catherine J Reynolds1, Joseph M Gibbons2, Corinna Pade2
1Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 2, 2021
まとめ
最初のSARS-CoV-2感染とワクチン接種は,新しい変種に対する免疫を形作る. 抗体とB細胞の反応は安定し,T細胞の反応と一部の変異体の中和は3回の抗原被曝後に増加した.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- 感染症
背景:
- 初期の重症急性呼吸器症候群新型コロナウイルス2 (SARS-CoV-2) の感染が,その後の懸念される様々な変種 (VOCs) に対する免疫に与える影響は不明である.
- 以前の感染とワクチン接種が進化するSARS-CoV-2株に対する免疫反応にどのように影響するかを理解することは,公衆衛生戦略にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2 感染とワクチン接種後の医療従事者の縦断的な免疫反応を調査する.
- SARS-CoV-2 VOCに対する抗体および細胞免疫を中和させる初期感染株と抗原暴露歴の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- SARS-CoV-2 感染とワクチン接種を記録した医療従事者の長期コホート研究.
- 様々なSARS-CoV-2 VOC (B.1.1.7,B.1.351,P.1,B.1.617.2) に対するS1抗体,記憶B細胞および中和効能の測定.
- スパイク特有のT細胞反応の評価と,血清学的マーカーの中和免疫との相関.
主要な成果:
- 3回の抗原暴露 (感染+2回のワクチン接種) の後,S1抗体レベルと記憶B細胞数は安定した.
- B.1.351,P.1,およびB.1.617.2の変異の中和は安定し,B.1.1.7の変異の中和とT細胞のスパイク応答は増加した.
- 武漢のHu-1スパイク受容体結合領域を用いた血清学的測定は,VOCに対する免疫を中和する予測が不十分であることを示した.
- VOCに対する中和効能は,異種ウイルスとの接触と抗原暴露歴によって変化し,ワクチン接種後5ヶ月で減少した.
結論:
- 感染とワクチン接種中に発生するスパイクタンパク質の組み合わせは,SARS-CoV-2 VOCに対するクロス・プロテクティブな免疫を著しく形成します.
- SARS-CoV-2に対する免疫反応は複雑で,抗原被曝のシーケンスとタイプに依存します.
- 発見は,新たな変種に対するより広範な保護を提供する,将来性のある次世代ワクチンの設計に意味を持つ.
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