腸の幹細胞のようなTh17細胞は,自己免疫期間中に病原性エフェクターT細胞を生成する
Alexandra Schnell1, Linglin Huang2, Meromit Singer3
1Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Cell
|December 7, 2021
まとめ
腸の健康に不可欠な ホメオスタティックな腸のTh17細胞は 病原性になりかねません この研究は これらの非病原性細胞が 病気を引き起こす細胞に変容し 多発性硬化症のような 自己免疫疾患に 寄与する方法を明らかにしています
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 細胞生物学
- 自己免疫性
背景:
- 腸内Tヘルパー17 (Th17) 細胞は組織ホメオスタシスに不可欠です.
- 最近の研究では Th17細胞は 多発性硬化症などの腸外自己免疫疾患と関連しています
- 健康と病気における Th17 細胞の二重役割の背後にある正確なメカニズムは不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- 組織 Th17 細胞の異質性,可塑性,移動性を in vivo で調査する.
- 腸内Th17細胞が自己免疫疾患に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 8万4000以上のTh17細胞を組み合わせた運命マッピングと単細胞プロファイリングを用いた.
- トランスクリプトームとT細胞受容体 (TCR) のクローンタイプをホメオスタシスおよび中枢神経系 (CNS) の自己免疫炎症で分析した.
- 臓器内および臓器内単細胞分析を行った.
主要な成果:
- 腸内では,微生物群によって維持される恒常的な,幹細胞のようなTh17細胞群 (TCF1+,IL-17+,SLAMF6+) が確認された.
- この腸内貯蔵庫は,IL-23主導のTh17細胞 (GM-CSF+,IFN-γ+,CXCR6+) の生成源として機能することを実証した.
- 非病原性IL-17+ Th17細胞と病原性GM- CSF+/ IFN- γ+ Th17細胞との間における直接のインビボ関連が確立された.
結論:
- ホメオスタティックな腸内Th17細胞は,腸外自己免疫疾患を誘発する病原性Th17細胞に微分化することができる.
- この研究は,腸内定住のTh17細胞が自己免疫性炎症にどのように貢献するかをメカニズム的に理解します.
- この発見は,腸内免疫と全身の自己免疫疾患を結びつける重要な経路を強調しています.
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