CO2の増加による地球全体の光合成の歴史的な増加の制約
T F Keenan1,2, X Luo3,4,5, M G De Kauwe6,7,8
1Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. trevorkeenan@berkeley.edu.
Nature
|December 9, 2021
まとめ
地球上の二酸化炭素の吸収は CO2の肥料化によって増加しています このプロセスは地球全体の 光合成を大幅に促進し 人間の排出による大気中の二酸化炭素の上昇を遅らせました
科学分野:
- 地球システム科学
- エコロジー
- 気候科学
背景:
- 地球上の二酸化炭素吸収場は拡大し,人類による二酸化炭素 (CO2) の大きな部分を吸収しています.
- 大気中のCO2の上昇による光合成の増加であるCO2肥料化は,この炭素吸収の主要な原動力であると仮定されています.
- CO2受精の影響に関する現在の推定値は,異なる科学モデルと観測データによって大きく異なる.
研究 の 目的:
- 過去のCO2肥料化推定値の不一致を解決する.
- 大気中の二酸化炭素が 地球全体の光合成に与える影響を 定量化するためです
- 地球上のバイオスフィアモデルと世界の炭素予算データをリンクする.
主な方法:
- 地上生物圏モデルを統合するために,新興的な制約アプローチを使用しました.
- 1981年から2020年までの期間のグローバル・カーボン・予算の見積もりとモデル・アウトプットを組み合わせた.
- CO2が地球全体の光合成に 与える影響を定量化した.
主要な成果:
- CO2の肥料化は,1981年から2020年の間に年間光合成を11.85%±1.4%増加させた.
- これは,研究期間中に13. 98±1. 63ペタグラムの炭素増加に相当します.
- この発見は,CO2が光合成に及ぼす影響に関する 矛盾する見積もりを調和させるのに役立ちます.
結論:
- 二酸化炭素の受精は地球全体の光合成に 大きな影響を与えています
- 人為的なCO2排出は,地球規模の生態系に大きな影響を与えている.
- この研究は,二酸化炭素に対する地上の炭素吸収体の反応をより正確に定量化します.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
01:50Global Climate Change
25.0K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
25.0K
01:46The Calvin Benson Cycle
4.9K
Ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) is a critical enzyme that catalyzes carbon dioxide assimilation during photosynthesis. However, it is an inefficient enzyme, having an extremely slow catalytic rate. A typical enzyme can process about a thousand molecules per second; however, RuBisCo fixes only around three-carbon dioxides per second. Photosynthetic cells compensate for this slow rate by synthesizing very high amounts of RuBisCo, making it the most abundant single...
4.9K
00:57Population Growth
26.0K
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
26.0K
01:28Carbon-dioxide Fixation
156
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
156
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
23.2K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
23.2K
02:04Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata
29.4K
During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
29.4K