メガ研究により,応用行動科学の効果が向上する
Katherine L Milkman1, Dena Gromet2, Hung Ho3,4
1Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. kmilkman@wharton.upenn.edu.
Nature
|December 9, 2021
まとめ
大規模なフィールド実験で 多くの行動介入を 同時にテストすることで 政策に関わる発見を加速させることができます 運動に関する大規模な研究で マイクロ報酬が効果的であることが示されましたが 持続的な行動の変化はほとんど示されませんでした
科学分野:
- 行動科学
- 実験心理学
- 公的政策
背景:
- 政策立案者は 行動科学を使って 市民の成果を向上させています
- 個々の研究はしばしば比較性がなく,政策への影響が限られている.
- 大規模な比較実験が政策を導く必要性がある.
研究 の 目的:
- 行動科学のメガスタディアプローチを紹介し評価する.
- 単一の大規模な実験で多数の介入の有効性を比較します
- 政策に関連する発見を加速させるメガ研究の可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 61,293人のフィットネス・チェーンの メンバーを対象に大規模な研究を行いました
- 30人の科学者が4週間にわたる 54種類のデジタルエクササイズを設計しました
- 主な結果として 週に一度のジム訪問を測定した.
主要な成果:
- 介入の45%は週に一度のジム訪問 (9~27%) を有意に増加させた.
- 最も効果的な介入は 欠けた運動に対する マイクロ報酬でした
- 介入後,有意で持続的な行動の変化は8%しか示されなかった.
- 成功した介入でキャリーオーバー効果が検出されました.
結論:
- 多くの行動介入の直接的な比較を可能にします.
- 行動介入は 身体活動を効果的に増やすことができます
- 介入の成功を予測するのは困難であり,広範なテストの価値を強調しています.
- メガスタディは証拠に基づいた政策を推進するための強力な枠組みを提供します.
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