動物 の 化学 防御 システム の 中 で 協力 する 細胞 型 の 進化 的 な 集合
Adrian Brückner1, Jean M Badroos2, Robert W Learsch3
1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Cell
|December 10, 2021
まとめ
多細胞生物における臓器機能の進化は,特化した細胞の共同進化から生じる. この研究により 虫の2つの異なる細胞タイプが協力して 新しい防御分泌物を作っていることが明らかになりました
科学分野:
- 進化的発達生物学
- 昆虫の化学的生態学
- 細胞・分子生物学
背景:
- 複雑な臓器機能の進化的起源は 単純な細胞型から ほとんど解明されていません
- 新しい臓器の構造と機能が どのように発生するかを理解することは 進化的イノベーションの解読に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 虫の新種の 防御性分泌腺の進化過程を調査する
- 臓器機能に寄与する異なる細胞の組み立ての基礎となる細胞および分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子発現パターンを特定するための比較ゲノムとトランスクリプトミックの分析.
- 分泌された化合物と酵素の活性を特徴付ける生化学的測定法.
- 細胞の起源と貢献を決定するための細胞系統の追跡と機能的検査.
主要な成果:
- 協力する2つの細胞タイプを 特定しました ローブ・ビートルズの防御分泌に 責任があります
- 皮質と古代の細胞のハイブリッドである"つの細胞タイプは,モザイク酵素を介してアルカンとエステルを産生します.
- 第2の細胞タイプは 統合されたエネルギーと皮質経路を用いてベンゾキノンを合成し,共進化によって形成されます.
結論:
- 臓器の新しさは 異なる細胞の協力的集合と共同進化から生まれます
- この細胞の協力により 強力な分泌物が生み出され 適応的な利点と 臓器レベルでの新しい行動が生まれます
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