空気中の商業用化学物質による世界的なリスクの発見
Qifan Liu1,2, Li Li3, Xianming Zhang1,4,5
1Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nature
|December 16, 2021
まとめ
商業用化学物質は 何十億もの人々にとって 危険を招きます その大気変化の産物はしばしばより毒性があり,持続性があり,認識されていない世界的な暴露リスクをもたらし,新しい評価枠組みを必要とします.
科学分野:
- 環境化学
- 大気化学
- 毒理学について
背景:
- 商業用化学物質は 都市部で広く使用され 何十億もの人々が 危険にさらされています
- 現在の規制は主に母化学物質を評価し,大気変換製品を無視しています.
- 空気中での化学的変化を特定することは分析的に困難です.
研究 の 目的:
- 空気中の化学的リスクを評価するための新しい枠組みを開発し,大気中の反応を組み込む.
- オルガノフォスファート阻燃剤の変換製品によって引き起こされるリスクを評価する.
主な方法:
- 実験室とフィールドの実験を組み合わせた
- 疑わしい化学物質を検知する 最先端の技術
- リスク評価のためのシリコモデリング
- オーガノフォスファート製の阻燃剤で18の都市で使用
主要な成果:
- オーガノフォスファート阻燃剤の変換製品は,都市環境で世界的に分布しています.
- これらの製品は,これまで認識されていない 重要な暴露リスクをもたらします.
- 個々の変換製品は,原化合物よりも毒性が高く,持続可能である.
- 変換製品混合物からの全体的なリスクは,親化学物質のリスクを上回ります.
結論:
- 既存のリスク評価の枠組みは,大気の変化を無視しているため,不十分です.
- 大気中の反応を考慮する包括的なアプローチは,化学の安全性を評価する上で極めて重要です.
- この研究は,都市部の人々の保護のために化学変換製品を規制する必要性を強調しています.
さらに関連する動画
08:48Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System
Published on: December 21, 2016
8.8K
10:10Assessment of the Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Airborne Particles by Exposing Cultivated Human Lung Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface
Published on: February 23, 2020
7.2K
関連する概念動画
01:36Types of Toxins
2.6K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
2.6K
01:27Effects of Chemicals: Overview
1.5K
Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
1.5K
01:26Toxic Reactions: Overview
1.2K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.2K
01:27Chemical Agents for Microbial Control
335
Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
335
01:50Global Climate Change
24.9K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.9K
01:20Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview
570
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
570