ベクトル計算によるアロセントリック移動方向信号の構築
Cheng Lyu1, L F Abbott2, Gaby Maimon3
1Laboratory of Integrative Brain Function and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|December 16, 2021
まとめ
この研究は ドロソフィラの脳が 航海のためのベクトル算数を 実行する方法を示しています 新しい神経信号と回路は 身体中心から世界中心の変換を使って 飛ぶ方向を計算します
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 計算神経科学
- 動物 の 行動
背景:
- 行動的なタスクにはしばしばベクトル操作が必要ですが,ベクトル操作のニューラルメカニズムは,コンピューティングモデルの外ではほとんど知られていません.
- ドロソフィラの中央複合体は,目標指向のナビゲーションに関与しており,空間計算における潜在的な役割を示唆している.
- 以前の研究では 外部からの信号に照らして 方向の角度を追跡するニューロンが特定されましたが 移動と方向の角度の違いが どのように調和されるかは不明です
研究 の 目的:
- 特にドロソフィラの中央複合体内の脳におけるベクトル算数の基礎となる神経機構を解明する.
- ナビゲーションのためのエゴセントリックからアロセントリックの座標変換に関与する神経信号と回路を特定し,特徴づけること.
主な方法:
- 扇形体の新しい神経信号を特定し,アロセントリックの移動角度を追跡する.
- 座標変換とベクトル加算を行うニューロンの回路の特徴.
- ニューロン集団のシナソイド活動パターンを用いてベクトル操作をモデル化する.
主要な成果:
- 神経信号は,偏心移動の角度を明確に追跡し,移動と方向の角度が異なるときに空間感覚を更新します.
- 回路はエゴセントリックからアロセントリックの座標変換とベクトル加算を行い,アロセントリックの移動方向を計算する.
- 二次元のベクトルは,振幅をコードするベクトル長と相をコードするベクトル角度で,正弦運動パターンにマッピングされます.
結論:
- ドロソフィラの中央複合体は 目標指向のナビゲーションに不可欠なベクトル算数を行う.
- 特定された回路は,動きに基づいた空間表現を更新するメカニズムを提供します.
- シヌソイドベクトルエンコーディングの原理は,ベクトル操作または参照フレーム変換を必要とする他の脳領域および機能に一般化することができます.
関連する概念動画
Vector Algebra: Graphical Method
15.3K
Vectors can be multiplied by scalars, added to other vectors, or subtracted from other vectors. The vector sum of two (or more) vectors is called the resultant vector or, for short, the resultant.
We use the laws of geometry to construct resultant vectors, followed by trigonometry to find vector magnitudes and directions. For a geometric construction of the sum of two vectors in a plane, we follow the parallelogram rule. Suppose two vectors are at arbitrary positions. Translate either one of...
We use the laws of geometry to construct resultant vectors, followed by trigonometry to find vector magnitudes and directions. For a geometric construction of the sum of two vectors in a plane, we follow the parallelogram rule. Suppose two vectors are at arbitrary positions. Translate either one of...
15.3K
Direction Cosines of a Vector
769
Direction cosines, which help describe the orientation of a vector with respect to the coordinate axes, are an essential concept in the field of vector calculus. Consider vector A that is expressed in terms of the Cartesian vector form using i, j, and k unit vectors. The magnitude of vector A is defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of its components. The direction of this vector with respect to the x, y, and z axes is defined by the coordinate direction angles α, β, and γ,...
769
Vector Components in the Cartesian Coordinate System
24.5K
Vectors are usually described in terms of their components in a coordinate system. Even in everyday life, we naturally invoke the concept of orthogonal projections in a rectangular coordinate system. For example, if someone gives you directions for a particular location, you will be told to go a few km in a direction like east, west, north, or south, along with the angle in which you are supposed to move. In a rectangular (Cartesian) xy-coordinate system in a plane, a point in a plane is...
24.5K
Vector Algebra: Method of Components
17.0K
It is cumbersome to find the magnitudes of vectors using the parallelogram rule or using the graphical method to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. There are two ways to circumvent this algebraic complexity. One way is to draw the vectors to scale, as in navigation, and read approximate vector lengths and angles (directions) from the graphs. The other way is to use the method of components.
In many applications, the magnitudes and directions of...
In many applications, the magnitudes and directions of...
17.0K
Direction of Acceleration Vectors
13.9K
Acceleration occurs when velocity changes in magnitude (an increase or decrease in speed), direction, or both. Although acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. This is commonly referred to as deceleration. However, the term deceleration can cause confusion in analysis because it is not a vector; it does not point to a specific direction with...
13.9K
Cartesian Vector Notation
1.0K
Cartesian vector notation is a valuable tool in mechanical engineering for representing vectors in three-dimensional space, performing vector operations such as determining the gradient, divergence, and curl, and expressing physical quantities such as the displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force. By using Cartesian vector notation, engineers can more easily analyze and solve problems in various areas of mechanical engineering, including dynamics, kinematics, and fluid mechanics. This...
1.0K


