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哺乳類におけるがんリスク
Orsolya Vincze1,2,3,4, Fernando Colchero5,6,7, Jean-Francois Lemaître8
1CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France. vincze.orsolya@ecolres.hu.
Nature
|December 23, 2021
まとめ
哺乳類の癌による死亡リスクは 驚くほど 体の大きさや寿命に関係なく 長い間信じられてきた理論に 異議を唱えます 肉食的な食生活は 高い癌リスクと関連しており 食事と進化が 癌の耐性を形作っていることを示唆しています
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- 癌 研究
- 動物学
背景:
- 癌は動物に多く見られ 細胞の分裂により より大きく より長生きする種に より高いリスクがあると 理論は予測しています
- ペトのパラドックスは 種間における体のサイズ/長寿と癌のリスクとの相関の欠如を強調しています
- 様々な非モデル種におけるがんリスクに関する経験的データは少ない.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類の癌関連死亡率を分析することで ペトのパラドックスを調査する.
- 哺乳類の体格と寿命と癌のリスクとの関係を調べるため
- 哺乳類の生命の樹上の 癌による死亡率に影響を及ぼす要因を探るため
主な方法:
- 191種の動物園の 110,148匹の成人の哺乳類の癌関連死亡率のデータベースをまとめました
- 哺乳類の進化樹に 年齢による癌死亡率をマッピングした.
- 癌の死亡率,体量,寿命,食事,遺伝子の相関関係を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 哺乳類における癌の広範な発生を証明し,死亡率の有意な順序間の変動を示した.
- 癌による死亡リスクは 種別で体量や長寿に大きく左右されないことが 明らかになりました
- 肉食性哺乳類,特に他の哺乳類を食う哺乳類の癌関連の死亡率が高いことが判明しました.
結論:
- ペトのパラドックスの 身体の大きさと長寿の要素を支持する 明確な証拠を提供しました
- 生命の歴史の進化が自然に癌に抵抗する 重要な役割を強調した.
- 進化の原動力についての理解を深めました
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