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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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ハエの脳における遺伝子制御の解読

Jasper Janssens1,2, Sara Aibar1,2, Ibrahim Ihsan Taskiran1,2

  • 1VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.

Nature
|January 6, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者は,単細胞クロマチンのアクセシビリティとトランスクリプトームデータを用いて,ドロソフィラの脳内の遺伝子規制ネットワークをマッピングしました. これによって 細胞型特異の遺伝子発現を 制御する何千もの領域が 発見されました

さらに関連する動画

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains
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Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

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Purification of Transcripts and Metabolites from Drosophila Heads
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Purification of Transcripts and Metabolites from Drosophila Heads

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains
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Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

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Purification of Transcripts and Metabolites from Drosophila Heads
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Purification of Transcripts and Metabolites from Drosophila Heads

Published on: March 15, 2013

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 発達生物学

背景:

  • ドロソフィラの脳は ニューロンの多様性と機能を理解するための 重要なモデルです
  • 転写因子と増強剤を含む遺伝子調節ネットワーク (GRNs) は,細胞のアイデンティティを制御する.
  • 以前の研究では様々な細胞タイプが特定されたが,単細胞レベルでの詳細なGRNの特徴づけは欠けていた.

研究 の 目的:

  • ドロソフィラの脳内の細胞型特異的な遺伝子制御ネットワークを特徴づける.
  • 異なる神経細胞タイプと発達段階における 規制要素とその標的遺伝子を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 9つの発達時点の24万以上の細胞の単細胞クロマチンアクセシビリティプロフィールです.
  • クロマチンのアクセシビリティデータと単細胞のトランスクリプトームの統合
  • モチーフ発見,ネットワーク推論,ディープラーニングの応用で,強化 GRN を構築する.

主要な成果:

  • ハエの脳の9万5千以上の 細胞型特異の制御領域を特定しました
  • ニューロゲネシス,再プログラム,成熟の軌跡に関連した 7万の制御領域の発見
  • 40種類の細胞の増強剤 GRN の構築,アクセス可能な領域と転写因子と標的遺伝子をリンクする.

結論:

  • DeepFlyBrainのリソースは,ドロソフィラの脳における神経制御の多様性について前例のない洞察を提供します.
  • 特徴づけられたエンハンサーアーキテクチャは,細胞タイプ特有の遺伝子調節の理解を高めます.
  • この発見により 細胞型を正確に標的にし 操作するための 遺伝的ツールの設計が可能になります