地球の火山のホットスポットと 海洋の真ん中の山脊の相対的な温度について
Xiyuan Bao1, Carolina R Lithgow-Bertelloni1, Matthew G Jackson2
1Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
まとめ
海洋のホットスポットは気温によって大きく変化し,その多くは深層マントルの上流に十分な温度ではありません. これはマントルの羽と火山活動に関する既存のモデルに 挑戦しています
科学分野:
- 地理学
- 地化学
- マントルダイナミクス
背景:
- 火山のホットスポットは,伝統的に熱い,深いマントルの上流と関連付けられ,中海の山脊よりも著しく高い過剰温度 (T_ex) を表しています.
- 現存するホットスポットのT_exの推定値は地理的に限られており,しばしば不一致を示し,包括的な理解を妨げています.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋温帯と海中山脈の温度を同時に推測する
- 地震速度を温度に変換することで,海洋ホットスポットの熱状態と起源を評価する.
主な方法:
- 地震速度のデータを活用して 海洋ホットスポットと海中山脈の温度を推測しました
- ホットスポットを熱い,冷たい,または活発な上流のために不十分な熱さとして分類するために分析された過剰温度 (T_ex).
主要な成果:
- 約45%は熱点 (T_ex ≥155°C),15%は寒い (T_ex ≤36°C),40%は活発な上流 (50°C ≤T_ex ≤136°C) ほど熱点ではない.
- 熱いホットスポットは,冷たいホットスポットとは異なり,高いヘリウム-3/ヘリウム-4比と浮力フックスを示します.
- 寒いホットスポットは,より浅い上部マントルの深さから発生するか,小規模なコンベクションで冷却される可能性があります.
結論:
- 海洋ホットスポットの熱的構造は,これまで考えられていたよりも多様で,重要な部分には深層マントルの羽根に期待される高温が欠けている.
- 発見は,いくつかのホットスポットが浅い起源を持っているか,または重要な冷却プロセスを経験し,マントルプームのダイナミクスのモデルを改訂する必要があります.
- 独特の地化学的特徴 (例えば,ヘリウム同位体比) は,熱点と冷点を区別し,それらの異なる熱状態と潜在的な源のヒントを提供します.
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