X染色体不活性化から逃れる遺伝子は,バルブミオフィブロブラストの性差を調節する
Brian A Aguado1,2,3,4, Cierra J Walker5,6, Joseph C Grim1,2
1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (B.A.A., J.C.G., B.J.V., A.G.R., K.S.A.), University of Colorado, Boulder.
Circulation
|January 10, 2022
まとめ
大動脈弁の狭窄の性差には 異なる分子経路が関係しています X染色体不活性化に逃れた遺伝子は,女性におけるミオフィブロブラストの活性化に寄与し,疾患の進行に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 心血管生物学
- バイオマテリアル科学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- 大動脈弁の狭窄は性二形態であり,女性 (線維症) と男性 (化症) の病理的特徴が異なっている.
- これらの性別差異を誘発する細胞内分子機構は十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 弁間細胞 (VIC) の活性化と無活性化の性別分子機構を調査する.
- 新しいヒドロゲルバイオマテリアル培養システムを用いて,弁の微小環境をモデル化し,性依存のVIC応答を研究する.
主な方法:
- 性別特有のVICを培養し,弁の微小環境を模倣するヒドロゲルバイオマテリアルを開発した.
- 性別依存のVIC活性化に関与する経路を特定するためにRNA配列を解析した.
- 小分子阻害剤とsiRNAを使用して,ミクロ環境のシグナルに対する性特異的な細胞反応のメカニズムを明らかにしました.
主要な成果:
- 女性VICは,マトリックス硬さに対する反応として活性化が増加した男性VICよりも,ベースラインのα-スムーズ筋アクチン (α-SMA) ストレス繊維を多く示した.
- トランスクリプトミア分析により,Rho関連タンパク質キナーゼ (ROCK) のシグナル伝達が,性依存性ミオフィブロブラスト活性化の主要な原動力であると特定された.
- BMXやSTSのようなX染色体不活性化から逃れた遺伝子は,ROCKシグナル伝達を通じて,女性ミオフィブロブラストの活性化を部分的に調節することが判明した.
結論:
- 性別依存のミオフィブロブラスト活性化経路は,in vitroおよびin vivoで確認されています.
- X染色体不活性化から逃れた遺伝子は,大動脈弁の狭窄の進行における性差に関与する.
- 性別を生物学的変数として考えることは 病気のメカニズムを理解し 性別に基づく精密な治療法を開発するのに不可欠です
関連する概念動画
Dosage Compensation
6.5K
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will...
6.5K
X-Inactivation
39.8K
The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
39.8K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
8.9K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
8.9K
X-linked Traits
55.6K
In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
55.6K
X and Y Chromosomes
27.1K
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
27.1K
Master Transcription Regulators
7.2K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.2K


