広範に中和する抗体は,SARS-CoV-2 オミクロン抗原シフトを克服する
Elisabetta Cameroni1, John E Bowen2, Laura E Rosen3
1Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Nature
|January 11, 2022
まとめ
Omicronの変種は結合と免疫回避が増加し,ワクチンと抗体の有効性を低下させる. 保存された領域を標的としたブースター投与と広範な中和抗体は,このSARS-CoV-2変種に対する保護を提供します.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 免疫学
- 構造生物学
背景:
- SARS-CoV-2のオミクロン変異の出現は,多数のスパイクタンパク質の変異を懸念しています.
- オミクロンスパイクタンパク質,特に受容体結合領域 (RBD) の変異は,ウイルス結合と抗体の中和に影響を与える可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- Omicron RBDのヒトとマウスのACE2への結合 afinityを調査する.
- Omicronに対する回復期およびワクチン誘発性プラズマの中和活性を評価する.
- オミクロン変種に対するモノクローン抗体の有効性を評価する.
主な方法:
- ACE2の親和性を判定するための結合試験.
- 復元期およびワクチン接種した個体からの血を用いた偽ウイルス中和測定法.
- オミクロン偽ウイルスに対するモノクローナル抗体のインビトロ中和測定法.
主要な成果:
- Omicron RBDはヒトのACE2に結合し,マウスのACE2にも結合する.
- オミクロン感染/ ワクチン接種後のプラズマにおける中和活性の大幅な低下が観察され,第3回のワクチン接種後の影響は少なかった.
- 大半のRBD標的のモノクローナル抗体は活性を失い,保存されたエピトープを標的とした広範に中和する抗体は効力を維持した.
結論:
- オミクロンは,免疫回避によるSARS-CoV-2における主要な抗原シフトを表しています.
- 保存されたサルベコウイルスエピトープを標的とした広範囲にわたって中和するモノクローナル抗体は,パンデミック制御と将来の動物性感染症の脅威にとって極めて重要です.
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