SARS-CoV-2のオミクロン変種によって表される突発的な抗体回避
Lihong Liu1, Sho Iketani1,2, Yicheng Guo1
1Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|January 11, 2022
まとめ
SARS-CoV-2のオミクロン変種は,COVID-19患者とワクチン接種した双方の血清による中和に対する有意な抵抗性を示しています. この変種は
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 免疫学
- 感染症
背景:
- SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529/オミクロン型は,世界中で急速に広がっています.
- オミクロンには多数の突起変異があり,ワクチンと治療の有効性に関する懸念が高まっている.
研究 の 目的:
- 回復し,ワクチン接種した個体の血清に対するオミクロン変異体の中和抵抗性を評価する.
- モノクローン抗体の有効性に対するオミクロンのスパイク変異の影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- COVID-19から回復したおよびワクチン接種した個人 (ブーストを含む) の血清を用いた中和検査.
- オミクロンスパイクタンパク質エピトープに対するモノクローナル抗体のパネルの評価.
主要な成果:
- Omicronは,回復した個人とワクチン接種した個人の両方で,血清による中和に対する顕著な抵抗性を示した.
- mRNAワクチンのブースター接種を受けた人の血清はオミクロンに対する中和活性が低下した.
- テストされた19のモノクローナル抗体のうち17は,オミクロンに対する活動が廃止されたか,または低下した.
- 4つの新しいスパイク変異 (S371L,N440K,G446S,Q493R) が抗体耐性への貢献として特定されました.
結論:
- オミクロン変種は,現在のCOVID-19ワクチンおよび抗体療法の有効性に重大な脅威をもたらします.
- オミクロンのような進化するSARS-CoV-2変種に対処するために,新しい介入の開発は極めて重要です.
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