東アフリカで発見された最も古いホモ・サピエンス
Céline M Vidal1,2, Christine S Lane3, Asfawossen Asrat4,5
1Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. cv325@cam.ac.uk.
Nature
|January 13, 2022
まとめ
火山灰の新しい年代測定は 東アフリカで最も古いホモ・サピエンス化石,特にオモIが 少なくとも23万3千年前のことを明らかにし,その年齢を大幅に後押ししています.
科学分野:
- 古人類学と地球年代学
- 東アフリカ の 初期 の 人類 の 進化
背景:
- 以前のエチオピアのホモ・サピエンス化石 (オモ・キビッシュとヘルト) の年代測定はタフ・デッティングに依拠し,それぞれ197キロ,160キロから155キロの年齢を示した.
- これらの年齢の推定と,その基礎にある層図とテフラの相関は,科学的な課題に直面しています.
- 初期のホモ・サピエンス化石の正確な年代測定は 現代人の起源のタイムラインを理解するために不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- オモ・キビッシュのホモ・サピエンス化石の 最低年齢を再評価し,より正確に行う.
- 東アフリカ の ホミニン 化石 の 年代付け の 前 の 試み で 用い られ た テフロストラティグラフィック の 相関 を 調べる.
- 初期のホモ・サピエンス進化のタイムラインを 支持または修正するための新しい地表年代データを提供すること.
主な方法:
- カモヤのホモニド遺跡 (KHS) の地化学分析 ストラティグラフィ的にオモIの化石を覆っている.
- エチオピアのメインストリフトにあるシャラ火山の特定の火山噴火事件とKHSタフを結びつける.
- シャラ噴火からの近接堆積物の放射測年代測定 (40Ar/39Ar) で,KHSタフの最低年齢を決定した.
主要な成果:
- KHSタフは,Omo Iの上にあり,地化学的にシャラ火山の噴火と関連しています.
- シャラ噴火堆積物の新しい年代測定は,オモI化石の最低年齢を233 ± 22 キルとする.
- KHSタフはワイデド・ビトリック・タフと相関せず,ヘルト族の人類の年代測定には使えません.
結論:
- 東アフリカで知られている最も古いホモ・サピエンスの化石 (オモI) は,少なくとも233キル,以前に認められていたよりもかなり古い.
- この改訂された年齢は 現代の人類の起源を示唆する 独立した証拠と一致しています
- この研究は,以前のテフラ相関を否定し,他の初期のホミニン化石の年代測定を再評価する必要があります.
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