珊瑚の骨格形成中のより速い結晶化は,海洋酸性への耐性と相関する

Connor A Schmidt¹, Cayla A Stifler¹, Emily L Luffey¹

¹Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|January 17, 2022

まとめ

サンゴの骨格は,開いた海水ではなく,細胞内小胞で生成される無形カルシウム炭酸粒子から形成されます. この細胞内プロセスが骨格の結晶化率に影響し海洋酸性化に対する珊瑚の抵抗性を説明します

科学分野:

海洋生物学
バイオミネラル化
スクレラクトニアンサンゴ

背景:

硬いサンゴの骨格は主にアラゴニット (CaCO3) です.
生物鉱物化のプロセスは,無形カルシウム炭酸の前駆体を含む.
以前の仮定では,細胞外加熱液 (ECF) に加熱された.

研究の目的:

サンゴの骨格形成中の無形カルシウム炭酸粒子の位置と性質を調査する.
粒子形成が細胞内または細胞外で起こるかどうかを判断する.
粒子形成と骨格結晶を海洋酸化 (OA) に対するサンゴの感受性と相関させる.

主な方法:

アクロポラ種,スタイロフォラ・ピスティルラタ,タービナリア・ペルタタという3つのサンゴ属における無形粒子の形成の顕微鏡観察.
粒子の大きさと組成を分析し,無形前体相に焦点を当てた.
アモルフな表面層の厚さの測定と,種特有のOA感度との相関.

主要な成果:

無形カルシウム炭酸粒子は,ECFではなく,細胞内小胞で頻繁に観察されます.
これらの細胞内粒子は骨格添加物製造の主要な源です
骨格表面の結晶化率は大きく変化し,アクロポラは結晶化が遅く,無形層が厚くなり,OAの脆弱性と相関しています.

結論:

珊瑚の骨格は膀内の細胞内粒子の降水によって形成され以前の細胞外モデルに異議を唱えます
細胞内カルシフィケーションは,骨格の性質と海洋酸性への差異性遺伝子の反応に影響します.
Acroporaの骨格の結晶化が遅いのは,OAに対する感受性の増加を説明する一方,Stylophoraの結晶化が速いのは,回復力を示唆する.

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