肺 の 結節 を 抱える 患者 の 評価: 概要
1Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
JAMA
|January 18, 2022
まとめ
ほとんどの肺結節は良性です. 肺の結節の最適な管理は,結節の特徴と患者の要因を基準に,不必要な検査を最小限に抑えることとバランスをとります.
科学分野:
- 肺内科
- 放射線科
- 腫瘍学
背景:
- 肺の結節は一般的なもので,胸部CTスキャンで約30%で発見される.
- アメリカでは毎年約160万人の患者が 肺結節と診断されています
- 確認されたノドルのほとんどは (95%) 良性であり,しばしば粒腫またはリンパ節である.
研究 の 目的:
- 肺結節の最適な管理戦略を概説する.
- 良性腫瘍と悪性腫瘍の特徴を区別する
- 悪性腫瘍の確率と患者要因に基づいて,肺結節の治療決定を導く.
主な方法:
- 小型固体 (<8mm),大型固体 (≥8mm),亜固体 (グラス型または部分固体)
- 腫瘍の大きさ,種類,および時間経過による悪性腫瘍リスクの評価
- 患者のリスク要因,併発症,および管理決定における好みを考慮する.
主要な成果:
- 腫瘍の大きさは6ミリメートル未満で悪性腫瘍のリスクは1%未満で,6-8ミリメートルの腫瘍は1~2%です.
- より大きな固いノードル (≥8mm) は悪性腫瘍の確率に基づいて管理する必要があります.
- 部分固体結節は固体成分の大きさによってリスクが分かれます. 持続的なグラス結節は10mm以上で悪性腫瘍の可能性が高くなります (10-50%).
結論:
- 肺結節の治療は個別的に行うべきです.
- 重要な要因には,悪性腫瘍の確率,安全性およびさらなる検査の有用性,および患者の好みが含まれます.
- 早期発見と 過剰な検査のバランスをとることは 極めて重要です
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