2019-2021年のCOVID-19の流行期における米国外来医療の傾向
John N Mafi1,2, Melody Craff3, Sitaram Vangala1
1Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
JAMA
|January 18, 2022
まとめ
メディケイドまたはメディケア・メディケイドの二重資格を持つ患者は,商業保険またはメディケアの患者との比較では,大流行後の出院率を大幅に低下させました.
科学分野:
- 医療サービス研究
- 流行病学
- 健康 経済
背景:
- アメリカでは,COVID-19 流行の初期に,病院の外出医療の利用が著しく減少した.
- 保険の種類によって,ケアへのアクセスが一貫してパンデミック以前のレベルに戻ったかどうかは不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- メディケイドまたはメディケア-メディケイドの二重資格を持つ患者と,商業的,メディケア・アドバンテージ,またはメディケア・フィー・フォー・サービス保険を持つ患者の再利用率を比較する.
主な方法:
- 2019年1月から2021年2月のクレームデータを用いた遡及コホート研究.
- パンデミック以前の予想と比較して利用の変化を推定するための差異の設計.
- 年齢,性別,患者数ヶ月で調整されたポアソン回帰モデルで,サービスと保険の種類によって層分かれています.
主要な成果:
- 2020年3~4月の出院医療利用率は予想の67%に低下し,2020年11~12月の96.7%に回復した.
- 2021年1月~2月までに,メディケイドの利用率は78.4%で,メディケイドとメディケイドの双重資格を持つ患者の利用率は73.3%で,商業 (90.7%),メディケイド・アドバンテージ (83.2%) およびメディケイド・フィー・フォー・サービス (82.0%) よりも大幅に低かった.
- 2021年1月~2月までのスクリーニング・コロノスコーピーとマンモグラフィは,継続的に低い利用率 (それぞれ予想の65%と79.2%) を示した.
結論:
- 整体的な外来医療の使用は,最初のパンデミック後減少が増加したが,メディケイドとメディケア・メディケイドの双重適格集団の回復は著しく遅かった.
- 患者の脆弱なグループに対して,外来治療のアクセスの格差は依然として存在し,標的型介入の必要性を強調しています.
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