SARS-CoV-2に対するT細胞の反応は,オミクロンを交差認識する
Roanne Keeton1,2, Marius B Tincho1,2, Amkele Ngomti1,2
1Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
Nature
|February 1, 2022
まとめ
T細胞の免疫は,多数の変異にもかかわらず,オミクロン変異に対して大きく有効である. この保存されたT細胞反応は,抗体中和が減少したにもかかわらず,重度のCOVID-19から保護を提供することがあります.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- ワクチン学
背景:
- SARS-CoV-2 オミクロン変種は多数のスパイクタンパク質変異を有しており,中和抗体からの免疫脱出につながり,感染に対するワクチンの有効性が低下しています.
- Omicronを標的にし,重症疾患に対する保護を与えるT細胞の反応の能力は,ほとんど特徴づけられていない.
研究 の 目的:
- ワクチン接種と未接種の個体におけるオミクロン変異のスパイクタンパク質に対するT細胞の反応性を評価する.
- オミクロンに対するT細胞反応と,以前のSARS-CoV-2変種 (ベータ,デルタ) および異なるウイルスタンパク質に対する反応を比較する.
主な方法:
- Ad26.CoV2.SまたはBNT162b2でワクチンを接種した参加者および未接種の康復者におけるオミクロンスパイクタンパク質に対するCD4+およびCD8+T細胞反応の分析 (n=70).
- オミクロン交互反応性T細胞の大きさとベータとデルタ変異体の比較
- オミクロン感染症で入院した患者の祖先のスパイク,核カプシド,膜タンパク質に対するT細胞反応の評価 (n=19) と以前の変種 (n=49)
主要な成果:
- すべての研究グループにおいて,スパイクタンパク質を標的としたCD4+およびCD8+T細胞の反応の相当な割合 (70 - 80%) がオミクロンに対して維持された.
- Omicronの交互反応性T細胞の大きさは,BetaとDeltaの変種で観察されたものと同等でした.
- オミクロンに感染した入院患者における祖先のスパイク,核カプシド,膜タンパク質に対するT細胞の反応は,以前の波で入院した患者と同じであった.
結論:
- 広範囲にわたる変異にもかかわらず,ワクチン接種または以前の感染によって誘発されたT細胞免疫は,主にオミクロン変異種をクロス認識します.
- オミクロンに対する保存されたT細胞の反応は,重度のCOVID-19に対する保護への貢献についてさらなる調査を正当化しています.
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