ピリミジン阻害剤は,ヌクレオシド類似剤と連携してSARS-CoV-2を阻害する
David C Schultz1, Robert M Johnson2, Kasirajan Ayyanathan3
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. dschultz@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Nature
|February 7, 2022
まとめ
研究者らは,SARS-CoV-2に対する1万8000の薬剤をスクリーニングし,122の薬剤が抗ウイルス性であることを確認した. ヌクレオシド類似剤とピリミジン阻害剤を組み合わせると,COVID-19に対する相乗効果があり,有望な治療戦略を示しています.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 薬物の発見
- 分子生物学
背景:
- SARS-CoV-2は世界中で数百万人の死亡を引き起こしており,ワクチンを超える効果的な抗ウイルス治療が必要である.
- 新種の変種は脅威となり,ワクチンの回避を克服できる新しい治療法の開発が求められます.
- COVID-19の現在の治療法は限られており,広範囲の抗ウイルス薬の開発の緊急性を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2に対する抗ウイルス活性について,大量の医薬品をスクリーニングする.
- 新しい抗ウイルス化合物,特にヌクレオシドアナログと宿主標的剤を特定する.
- SARS-CoV-2 感染症に対する併用療法の効果を評価する.
主な方法:
- ヒトの呼吸器細胞に生きたSARS-CoV-2を用いた約18,000種類の薬のスクリーニング.
- 抗ウイルス活性と特定された薬剤候補の選択性の検証.
- ピリミジン生物合成阻害剤とヌクレオシドアナログの相乗効果の試験 in vitro および in vivo
主要な成果:
- 122の薬がSARS-CoV-2に対する抗ウイルス活性と選択性を示した.
- レムデシビルやモルヌピラビルのような承認された抗ウイルス薬を含む活性化合物の中で16の核酸類が特定されました.
- ピリミジン生物合成阻害剤とヌクレオシド類似剤の併用療法では,新興株を含むSARS-CoV-2の相乗効果が示された.
結論:
- 大規模なスクリーニングにより,SARS-CoV-2に対する潜在的な抗ウイルス薬の有意な数が特定されています.
- 宿主核酸生物合成経路をターゲットにすることで,広範囲の抗ウイルス薬の開発に有効な戦略を提示します.
- 既存の抗ウイルス剤と新しい抗ウイルス剤の相乗効果は,COVID-19と将来の潜在的なウイルス脅威を管理するための有望な臨床戦略を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism
5.0K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Such synergistic combinations...
5.0K
Subviral Agents
158
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
158
Viruses with RNA Genomes
190
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
190
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids
263
Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
263
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions
7
A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
7
DNA Base Pairing
29.5K
Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
29.5K


