2021年12月のイングランドでのオミクロン感染の急速な増加:REACT-1研究
Paul Elliott1,2,3,4,5,6, Barbara Bodinier1,2, Oliver Eales1,7
1School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 8, 2022
まとめ
オミクロン変種は2021年12月にSARS-CoV-2感染の増加を引き起こした. ワクチン接種とブースター投与により,スランプ陽性性が著しく低下し,新しい変種に対する重要性が強調されました.
科学分野:
- 流行病学
- ウイルス学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 2021年末に重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2 (SARS-CoV-2) のオミクロン変種が発生したことで,世界中で感染が急速に増加しました.
- オミクロンの伝播動態と実際の環境での影響を理解することは,公衆衛生戦略の情報提供に不可欠でした.
研究 の 目的:
- 2021年12月のイングランドにおけるSARS-CoV-2の流行と増加を分析する.
- オミクロン波におけるSARS-CoV-2感染率に対するブースター投与を含むワクチン接種の影響と年齢を評価する.
主な方法:
- イギリスのREACT-1研究に参加した約100,000人のSARS-CoV-2スランプ陽性データの分析.
- データ収集は2021年11月下旬から12月中旬まで行われ,オミクロン急増の初期段階を記録した.
- 年齢層とワクチン接種状況による結果の階層化 (ブースター投与を含む).
主要な成果:
- 高いSARS-CoV-2感染率と急速な全国的な増加が観察され,ロンドンでの顕著な集中が見られました.
- 感染の割合はオミクロン型に増加している.
- ワクチンを接種した高齢の子供 (12-17歳) は,未接種の幼い子供 (5-11歳) に比べて, significantly lower swab positivity rates が発見されました.
- 3回目 (ブースター) の接種を受けた成人は,たった2回接種を受けた成人に比べて,陽性率がかなり低かった.
結論:
- ワクチン接種とブースターキャンペーンは,特に変種が急増したときに,SARS-CoV-2の感染拡大を制御する上で極めて重要です.
- ワクチン接種による利点にもかかわらず,オミクロン変種の急速な伝播を管理するために,追加的な公衆衛生対策が必要でした.
- この発見は,進化するウイルスの脅威と戦うための適応戦略の継続的な必要性を強調しています.
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