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光誘発型アポプトシス細胞死 (PTA) 光誘発型外向型陽子ポンプを用いたロドプシン・アーカイロドプシン-3

  • 0Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
Journal of the American Chemical Society +

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2022年2月17日

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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways 01:22

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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway 01:17

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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway 01:31

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels 01:21

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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