アマゾンの水力発電の拡大による悪影響の軽減
Alexander S Flecker1, Qinru Shi2, Rafael M Almeida1,3
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 17, 2022
まとめ
アマゾンの水力発電所には 戦略的計画が不可欠です ダムの配置を最適化することで,生態系への影響を最小限に抑え,エネルギー効果を最大限に高め,調整されていない開発による生態系サービスの損失を回避できます.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 環境科学
- 水力発電工学
背景:
- アマゾン流域は 地球最大の生物多様性のある 川系で 350箇所以上の水力発電所を 開発する計画があります
- 水力発電の拡大は,エネルギー生産と多くの空間的に変動する生態系サービスの間のトレードオフを評価する必要があります.
研究 の 目的:
- アマゾンの水力発電所の最適なポートフォリオを特定する.
- 川の流れ,接続性,堆積物輸送,魚の多様性,温室効果ガスの排出を最小限に抑え,エネルギー目標を達成する.
主な方法:
- マルチオブジェクトの最適化技術を使用しました.
- アマゾン流域のダム配置を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 地域ごとに水力発電の拡大が調整されず,生態系サービスの恩恵が大きく失われてきた.
- 最適なダム構成は,環境への悪影響を大幅に減らすことができます.
結論:
- 水力発電による将来の被害を最小限に抑えるには,盆地全体にわたる環境影響の見通しが必要です.
- アマゾンの国々間の協力は 持続可能な水力発電の発展に不可欠です
- 開発されたモデルは,他の国境を越えた盆地での水力発電の拡大を評価するために使用できます.
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