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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
19.4K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

15.4K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
15.4K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

10.2K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
10.2K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

15.7K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
15.7K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

45.1K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
45.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.2K

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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面中心の立方体または六角形の密集相を持つ二次および三次固体溶液合金ナノ粒子の結晶構造制御

Quan Zhang1, Kohei Kusada1, Dongshuang Wu1

  • 1Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 23, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

六角密集型 (hcp) 合金ナノ粒子は,面中心立方 (fcc) 段階と比較して,水素進化の優れた触媒活性を示しています. この研究は,hcpとfccの合金の制御された合成を証明し,hcp- RuIrPtを明らかにした.

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • ナノテクノロジー
  • カタリシス

背景:

  • 結晶構造は固体状態の特性に影響を及ぼします.
  • 固定された組成で合金結晶構造を制御することは困難です.
  • 合金結晶構造に依存する性質は十分に研究されていない.

研究 の 目的:

  • Ru-Pt,Ru-Ir,およびRu-Ir-Pt合金ナノ粒子を制御された六角密集 (hcp) と面中心立方体 (fcc) の結晶構造で合成する.
  • これらの合金ナノ粒子の触媒性能に対する結晶構造の影響を調査する.
  • 強化された電気触媒のためのhcp合金の可能性を探求する.

主な方法:

  • 合金ナノ粒子合成のための化学的還元法.
  • 金属前駆体減少速度を精密に調整して結晶構造を制御する.
  • アルカリ媒体の水素進化反応 (HER) の電気触媒試験

主要な成果:

  • 制御可能なhcpとfcc相による二次 (Ru-Pt,Ru-Ir) と三次 (Ru-Ir-Pt) 合金ナノ粒子の合成に成功した.
  • すべての合成されたhcp合金ナノ粒子は,そのfcc同位体と比較して,HERに対する優れた電解活性を示した.
  • Hcp- RuIrPtは,fcc- RuIrPtと商用Pt/ Cに比べて,本質的な活動と質量 (3. 1~6. 9倍) が著しく増加した.

結論:

  • 還元速度による合金結晶構造の正確な制御は達成可能である.
  • hcpの結晶構造は,合金における水素進化反応のための電解活性を強化する.
  • Hcp-RuIrPtは効率的な水素生産のための非常に有望な触媒です.