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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

2.4K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
2.4K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

665
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
665
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

976
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
976
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

19.3K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
19.3K
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

7.9K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
7.9K
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

1.1K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
1.1K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
12:44

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

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将来の降水量の変化に関する新たな制約

Hideo Shiogama1, Masahiro Watanabe2, Hyungjun Kim3,4,5

  • 1Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan. shiogama.hideo@nies.go.jp.

Nature
|February 24, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

将来の気候モデルでは,世界の降水変化 (ΔP) の予測の不確実性が減少していることが示されています. 最近の傾向を分析することで,科学者は降雨予測を制限し,影響評価のためにより信頼できるデータを提供しました.

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Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
12:44

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

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Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
13:27

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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

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科学分野:

  • 気候科学
  • 地球システムモデリング
  • 大気科学

背景:

  • 世界の平均降水変化 (ΔP) の予測は,世界の平均気温変化 (ΔT) よりも高い不確実性を表しています.
  • ΔPの観察上の制約は,しばしばエアロゾールの影響によって複雑にされ,ΔTよりも研究されていない.
  • 現存する地球システムモデルは,将来の降水予測において大きな変動を示している.

研究 の 目的:

  • 観測上の制約を用いて,将来の地球規模の降水変化 (ΔP) の予測における不確実性を減らす.
  • 温室効果ガスのシナリオで ΔP の信頼性の高い範囲を確立する.
  • 影響評価のための気候モデルの出力の精度を向上させる.

主な方法:

  • クープリングモデル相互比較プロジェクト第5段階と第6段階のアンサンブルを使用した.
  • ΔP (2051-2100) と最近の世界の平均気温の傾向 (1980年以降) の相関を分析した.
  • 熱帯地域を除いて,最近の降水傾向と ΔP の間の相関を調べた.

主要な成果:

  • 温室効果ガスの予測の上限は6.2%から5.2-5.7%に低下した.
  • 2051年から2100年の ΔP は,1980年以降の世界の平均気温の動向と有意な相関を示した.
  • 観測上の制約と最近の傾向に基づいて,ΔPのバリエンスが8~30%減少した.

結論:

  • 観測的に制約された ΔP 範囲は,将来の降水変化のより信頼できる見積もりを提供します.
  • この研究は,気候モデルの降雨予測の不確実性を成功裏に減少させました.
  • 改善された ΔP 予測は,気候変動の影響評価の正確さを高めます.