肺 の 微生物 群 は 脳 の 自己 免疫 力 を 調節 する
Leon Hosang1, Roger Cugota Canals1, Felicia Joy van der Flier1
1Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Nature
|February 24, 2022
まとめ
肺の微生物群は脳の免疫反応と 中枢神経系の自己免疫疾患に対する感受性に影響します 肺バクテリアの調節不良は T細胞の活性化と病気の発生に 新しい肺-脳軸を介して影響を及ぼします
科学分野:
- 神経免疫学
- 微生物群の研究
- 自己免疫 疾患
背景:
- 肺感染症と喫煙は 多発性硬化症の危険因子で T細胞が媒介する 中枢神経系の自己免疫疾患です
- 肺は病気を誘発する T 細胞のニッチとして機能し その生存と成熟に不可欠です
- 脳自身免疫疾患における肺組織の具体的な役割は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 肺の微生物と脳の免疫反応の 相互関係を調べるため
- 中枢神経系の自己免疫疾患に対する感受性に対する肺微生物群の調節障害の影響を決定する.
- 肺-脳軸が自己免疫疾患の発達に 基づくメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 肺の微生物群の操作が自己免疫疾患の発生に及ぼす影響を研究するためにラットモデルを使用した.
- 肺の微生物の組成を変えるために投与された抗生物質 (ネオミシン,ポリミキシンB)
- 免疫細胞の活性化,サイトカインのプロファイル,および中枢神経系の自己免疫疾患の臨床的兆候を評価した.
主要な成果:
- ラットにおける肺微生物群の調節不良は,実験における自己免疫性脳内炎に対する感受性を有意に変化させた.
- ネオミシン治療はリポポリサカリド産生細菌を濃縮し,ミクログリアにI型インターフェロンプリム状態を誘発し,II型インターフェロンに対する反応を低下させた.
- これは神経炎症,免疫細胞の浸透,および疾患の臨床症状を減少させた.
結論:
- 機能的な肺脳軸があり 肺の微生物群が介在しています
- 肺の微生物群は 中枢神経系の免疫反応を 調節する上で重要な役割を果たします
- 肺の微生物群の調節は,脳に影響する自己免疫疾患の感受性と重症性に影響を与えます.
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