湿った異質なマントルは,ハデアン時代に居住可能な世界を作り出す
Yoshinori Miyazaki1,2, Jun Korenaga3
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. ymiya@caltech.edu.
Nature
|March 3, 2022
まとめ
水分化され,化学的に異質なマントルは,初期の海洋形成,プレート構造,そして二酸化炭素の急速な除去を可能にし,居住可能な初期の地球を生み出しました. このプロセスはマグマの海洋固化によって引き起こされ 1億6000万年以内に発生しました
科学分野:
- 惑星科学
- 地化学
- 地球 の 初期 の 状態
背景:
- 地球のマントルの融解に続くハデアニン時代は 今日とは全く異なる状況でした
- 地質学的な証拠によると,地球表面はハデア紀中頃の現在の状態に似ていたが,荒地から居住可能への移行は不明のままである.
研究 の 目的:
- 荒れ果てた初期の地球を 居住可能な環境に変えるために必要な条件を調査する
- 海洋の形成,プレート構造,温室効果ガスの排出を促す 重要な要因を特定する
主な方法:
- マグマの海洋固化による水分化,化学的に異質なマントルの効果をモデル化.
- 湿った高マグネシウムピロキセナイトマントルの二酸化炭素除去速度と均質なピロリチクマントルの比較
主要な成果:
- 海の形成,プレート構造,大気中の二酸化炭素の 急速な除去には水分化,化学的に異質なマントルが不可欠です
- 二酸化炭素の除去は 湿ったピロキセナイトが支配するマントルでは 10倍以上速く 1億6000万年以内に完了する可能性があります
- このマントルの組成はオリヴィンに富んだ海殻を生み出し,蛇形化と水熱場のような状態を促進します.
結論:
- 初期の地球の居住は化学的に異質で水分化されたマントルによって促進された.
- マグマの海洋固化が 居住可能性の条件を確立する上で重要な役割を果たしました
- ハデアンの海底の条件は,現代的な熱水噴出システムと似ていたかもしれない.
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