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Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

Water and Mineral Acquisition

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Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
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Gravitropism: Plant Responses to Gravity
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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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Construction of Root Locus01:15

Construction of Root Locus

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The construction of a root locus involves several key steps to analyze and visualize the behavior of a system's poles with varying gain. The number of branches in the root locus equals the number of closed-loop poles and is symmetrical about the real axis.
For positive gain values, the root locus exists on the real axis to the left of an odd number of finite open-loop poles or zeros. The root locus starts at the open-loop poles and traces the paths of the closed-loop poles as the gain...
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Properties of the Root Locus01:05

Properties of the Root Locus

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The root locus method is an invaluable tool for analyzing higher-order systems without needing to factor the denominator of the transfer function. A pole of the system is identified when the characteristic polynomial in the transfer function's denominator equals zero.
To determine if a point lies on the root locus, the criterion involves the sum of angles contributed by all poles and zeros to that point. Specifically, this sum must be an odd multiple of 180 degrees. The gain at any point on...
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Plotting and Calibrating the Root Locus01:19

Plotting and Calibrating the Root Locus

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Root loci often diverge as system poles shift from the real axis to the complex plane. Key points in this transition are the breakaway and break-in points, indicating where the root locus leaves and reenters the real axis. The branches of the root locus form an angle of 180/n degrees with the real axis, where n is the number of branches at a breakaway or break-in point.
The maximum gain occurs at the breakaway points between open-loop poles on the real axis, while the minimum gain is...
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Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
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Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

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保存されたスーパーロクスは,地上と地下の根の開始を制御する.

Moutasem Omary1, Naama Gil-Yarom1, Chen Yahav1

  • 1The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 3, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

植物は芽から根を伸ばすことができます 地下だけでなく この過程を制御する重要な遺伝子である SHOOTBORNE ROOTLESS (SBRL) が発見され,植物の発達に洞察力を与えています.

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Oct 1, 2025

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Poplar Adventitious Roots Induced by Stem Canker Pathogens: An Experimental System for Studying Roots Biology and Light Response-Related Processes
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科学分野:

  • 植物生物学
  • 発達生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • 植物には 驚くべき可塑性があり 環境に適応します
  • 横の根は地下で育つが,発芽による根形成のメカニズムは不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • トマト (Solanum lycopersicum) の発芽による根の発達に伴う細胞および分子メカニズムを解明する.
  • このユニークな発達経路を制御する 重要な遺伝的要因を特定する

主な方法:

  • トマトの発芽による根の発達の単細胞解像度マッピング
  • 新しい転写因子,SHOOTBORNE ROOTLESS (SBRL) の特定と特徴づけ
  • SBRLとそのパラログの進化分析

主要な成果:

  • 発芽した根は,特定の移行状態を経て,フロームと関連した細胞から発芽する.
  • 転写因子SBRLは,この移行状態を活性化するために不可欠です.
  • SBRLの機能と調節要素は,他の根形成プロセスに関与するパラログで,血管芽種全体に保たれています.

結論:

  • SBRLのような文脈特有の要因によって制御される保存された移行状態は,植物根系の可塑性の基礎です.
  • SBRLの理解は,根の発達とオルガノゲネシスの進化の洞察を提供します.