SARS-CoV-2 オミクロン亜系統の抗体回避特性

Sho Iketani^1,2, Lihong Liu¹, Yicheng Guo¹

¹Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.

Nature

|March 3, 2022

まとめ

オミクロン変種

科学分野:

ウイルス学
免疫学
遺伝学

背景:

SARS-CoV-2のオミクロン変種は,多数のスパイクタンパク質変異で発生し,抗体回避の懸念を高めた.
BA.1+R346K (BA.1.1) とBA.2はオミクロンから進化し,スパイクタンパク質の変異によって異なった.

研究の目的:

オミクロン亜種BA.1+R346KとBA.2の抗原特性について
これらの亜系統が現在のワクチンおよびモノクローナル抗体療法の有効性に与える影響を評価する.

主な方法:

感染した個人およびワクチン受給者からのポリクローン血清を用いた抗原特性分析.
SARS-CoV-2 変種に対する抗体活性を評価するための中和化アッセイ.
BA.2に対する19の中和単体抗体の有効性を試験する.

主要な成果:

ポリクローナル血清は,BA.1+R346KとBA.2に対する中和活性が著しく低下し,BA.1と類似した.
BA.2は,ソトロビマブを含む19の単一クローン抗体に対して耐性を示した.
テストされたすべてのオミクロンサブラインゲンに対して,ビベトロビマブだけが活性を維持した.

結論:

オミクロンサブラインゲンBA.1+R346KとBA.2は,ワイルド型SARS-CoV-2と抗原的に異なるため,ワクチンの有効性を低下させる可能性があります.
既存のモノクローナル抗体療法では,すべてのオミクロンサブラインがカバーされない可能性があり,更新された治療法の必要性を強調しています.
抗原的に異なったオミクロン亜系統の出現は,継続的な監視と治療開発を必要とします.

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