SARS-CoV-2は,英国のバイオバンクにおける脳構造の変化と関連している

Gwenaëlle Douaud¹, Soojin Lee², Fidel Alfaro-Almagro²

¹FMRIB Centre, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. gwenaelle.douaud@ndcn.ox.ac.uk.

Nature

|March 7, 2022

まとめ

COVID-19の感染は軽度の場合でも灰色の物質の減少や認知機能の低下などの脳の変化と関連していますこれらの効果は,入院していない個体でも観察され,長期的な神経学的影響の可能性を示唆しています.

科学分野:

神経学
神経イメージング
感染症

背景:

COVID-19は脳異常を引き起こすことが知られている.
SARS-CoV-2が脳に及ぼす影響は,より軽度の症例では十分に理解されていません.
これらの変化を調査することで脳の病理学的メカニズムが明らかになります

研究の目的:

SARS-CoV-2 感染した個体における縦断的な脳変化を,対照群と比較して調査する.
軽度のCOVID-19症例が検出可能な脳変化を示すかどうかを判断するためです.
COVID-19に関連する脳病変の潜在的メカニズムを探求する.

主な方法:

感染前と感染後のMRIスキャンを受けた785人の英国バイオバンクデータを使用した.
401人のSARS-CoV-2陽性症例と384人の対照群を比較し,診断と第2回のスキャンの間に平均141日経過した.
灰色の質の厚さ組織のコントラスト組織損傷のマーカー全体の脳サイズ認知の低下

主要な成果:

SARS-CoV-2症例では,オービトフロントアル皮質とパラヒッポキャンパル・ギュアスのグレー物質の減少が顕著であった.
嗅覚皮質に繋がる領域で組織損傷マーカーの増加が確認されました
感染した参加者は,入院患者を除いても,全体的な脳サイズと認知能力の低下がより顕著であった.

結論:

長期的脳変化と認知機能の低下は,入院状態に関係なく,SARS-CoV-2感染と関連しています.
観察された変化は,神経炎症,嗅覚経路の広がり,または感覚喪失の影響を示す可能性があります.
これらの脳の変化の回復性と長期的持続性を決定するには,さらなる研究が必要である.

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