鳥 は 翼 の 変形 を 通し て 安定 し た 状態 から 不 安定 な 状態 に 移行 できる
C Harvey1, V B Baliga2, J C M Wong2
1Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. harveyca@umich.edu.
Nature
|March 10, 2022
まとめ
鳥は翼の形を変えて 飛行の慣性を変えることで 機動性や安定性に 影響を及ぼします この研究はこれらの慣性的な変化を定量化し 進化は安定した飛行力学と不安定な飛行力学の両方を好むことを示しています
科学分野:
- バイオメカニクス
- 鳥の飛行ダイナミクス
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 鳥の飛行は 特定の運動方程式によって制御される 複雑な操作に依存しています
- 既存の研究は主に気力学特性を取り上げ 重心や慣性の瞬間などの重要な慣性特性を無視しています
研究 の 目的:
- 翼の屈折と伸縮範囲で22種の鳥の慣性特性を分析的に決定する.
- 翼の変形が慣性特性と飛行安定性に与える影響を調査する.
- ピッチの機動性に関する新しいメトリックを開発し,静的なピッチの安定性を推定する.
主な方法:
- 分析方法により22種の慣性特性 (重心,慣性) を計算した.
- 翼の変形がロールとヤウの慣性に影響を及ぼすことを分析した.
- ピッチの機動性と静的なピッチの安定性は,誘導された慣性データを使用して推定されました.
主要な成果:
- 翼の変形はロールとイアーの慣性を大きく変えますが 重力の中心にはほとんど影響しません
- 体重増加はピッチの敏捷性と静的限界の減少と相関する.
- 慣性特性は様々な翼構成で定量化されました.
結論:
- 翼の慣性性は 操縦能力と飛行制御に 重要な役割を果たします
- 進化的圧力は,安定した構成と不安定な構成の両方を含む飛行安定性のスペクトルを選択します.
- この研究は,鳥の飛行と操縦能力の理論的モデルに不可欠なデータを提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:07Speciation Rates
21.7K
Overview
21.7K
01:54Convergent Evolution
29.3K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
29.3K
02:19Morphogenesis
28.9K
Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
28.9K
01:38Limits to Natural Selection
32.7K
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
32.7K
00:53Migration
8.1K
Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
8.1K
01:24Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion
281
Visualize a drone, with its propellers spinning rapidly, hovering mid-air. The fascinating movements and operations of this drone can be comprehended by applying the principle of general plane motion.
As the drone's propellers rotate, an upward force is generated that counteracts the force of gravity, enabling the drone to lift off from the ground. This initial movement of the drone is along a straight path, representing a form of translational motion. In this phase, every point on the...
As the drone's propellers rotate, an upward force is generated that counteracts the force of gravity, enabling the drone to lift off from the ground. This initial movement of the drone is along a straight path, representing a form of translational motion. In this phase, every point on the...
281