マグマの水分含有量は,噴火前のマグマの深さを制御する
Daniel J Rasmussen1,2, Terry A Plank2, Diana C Roman3
1National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
まとめ
火山噴火の予測は物理に基づいたモデルを使用しています. マグマの貯蔵深さは中性浮力よりも深く,浮力ではなく,水の脱ガスと関連しており,噴火の予測に影響します.
科学分野:
- 地理学
- 火山学
- 地化学
背景:
- 火山噴火の予測には 物理モデルが不可欠です
- 噴火前のマグマ貯蔵条件は,定量的な見積もりを要求します.
- 弧火山の下のマグマ貯蔵深さは非常に変動し,しばしば中性浮力レベルであると考えられています.
研究 の 目的:
- アクティブ・アーチ火山の下にあるマグマ貯蔵深さの主要な制御を調査する.
- 観測されたマグマの深さを ニュートラル浮力または水脱ガスによりよく説明するかどうかを判断する.
- 物理に基づく火山噴火予測モデルの定量的な制約を洗練する.
主な方法:
- 地質学的に観測されたマグマ貯蔵深さの分析.
- 観測された深さと計算された中性浮力深さの比較.
- 水分含有量が異なる上昇するマグマにおける水の脱ガス過程のモデリング.
主要な成果:
- 地質学的に観測されたマグマの深さ (6 ± 3 km) は,中性浮力の深さより大幅に大きい.
- 観測されたマグマの深さは,予測された水の脱ガス深さと一致しています.
- 湿ったマグマは,より深い深さで脱ガスし,結晶化し,粘度が増加し,より深いマグマの停滞につながります.
結論:
- 中立浮力は,弧火山の下のマグマ貯蔵深さの主要な制御ではありません.
- マグマの貯蔵深さと停滞を制御する重要な要因である.
- 水分と貯蔵深さの関係は,火山噴火の予測モデルの改善に不可欠な制約を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Moisture Content and Bulking of Aggregate
236
The moisture content of aggregates is a crucial factor in construction, particularly in concrete mixing, as it influences the total water required in the mix. Moisture content represents the water coated on the exterior surface of the aggregate existing in a saturated and surface-dry condition. The total water content of a moist aggregate is the sum of its moisture content and water absorption.
When aggregates are exposed to rain or sit in stockpiles, they absorb moisture, which must be...
When aggregates are exposed to rain or sit in stockpiles, they absorb moisture, which must be...
236
Water and Mineral Acquisition
33.8K
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
33.8K
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water
1.2K
Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
1.2K
Regulation of Water Output
1.2K
The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...
1.2K
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions
1.2K
An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
1.2K
Temperature Dependent Deformation
205
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
205


