青少年と成人の摂食障害のスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースのための証拠報告と体系的レビュー
Cynthia Feltner1,2,3, Christine Peat4, Shivani Reddy1
1RTI International-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Evidence-based Practice Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
JAMA
|March 15, 2022
まとめ
SCOFFアンケートを使用した食生活障害のスクリーニングは,成人に適切な精度を示しています. 直接的にスクリーニングの効果を評価した研究はなく,ガイドされた自己援助と特定の薬剤は,過食障害の患者の症状の重さを効果的に軽減しました.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生と予防医学
- 精神医学と心理学
- 臨床試験の分析
背景:
- 摂食障害は健康と社会に 深刻な影響を及ぼします
- 効果的なスクリーニングと治療戦略は 患者の成果を改善するために不可欠です
- 米国予防サービスタスクフォースは,臨床勧告を導くために証拠のレビューを必要としています.
研究 の 目的:
- 青少年と成人の摂食障害のスクリーニングツールの正確性に関する証拠を体系的に検討する.
- 食生活障害に対する介入の有効性と有害性を評価する.
- 食生活障害のスクリーニングに関する米国予防サービスタスクフォースのガイドラインを参考にすること.
主な方法:
- MEDLINE,コクラン・ライブラリ,PsycINFO,および 2022年1月までの試験登録に関する包括的な文献検索
- スクリーニングテストの精度と介入のランダム化臨床試験 (RCT) に関する英語の研究を含む.
- テストの精度試験と介入試験のメタ分析,品質評価のための二重レビュー
主要な成果:
- 食生活障害のスクリーニングの利益と害を直接評価した研究はありませんでした.
- SCOFFのアンケートでは,成人では適切な精度を示した (感度84%,特異度80%).
- 誘導された自己援助,リスデキサムフェタミン,トピラマートは,薬剤療法に伴う害を伴いながらも,食欲過剰症候群の症状の重さを軽減する効果を示した.
結論:
- SCOFFのアンケートは,成人の摂食障害のスクリーニングに役立つ可能性のあるツールです.
- 検診後の介入の有効性に関する証拠のギャップを強調した.
- 過剰摂取障害の治療には 特定の介入が有望であるとはいえ 特にスクリーン検査で検出された個体については さらに研究が必要です
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