炎症性腸疾患における真菌株の多様性による免疫調節
Xin V Li1,2, Irina Leonardi1,2, Gregory G Putzel2
1Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|March 17, 2022
まとめ
腸内にある特定のカンジダ・アルビカンスは 免疫細胞を傷つけることで 炎症性腸疾患を悪化させる可能性があります この研究は,炎症性疾患の治療における重要な真菌の相互作用と潜在的な標的を特定しています.
科学分野:
- 微生物学と免疫学
- 胃腸内科
- 宿主 と 微生物 の 相互作用
背景:
- 腸内菌群は免疫の調節に役割を果たしますが 病気に対する直接的な影響は不明です
- 異常な真菌の変化は炎症性腸疾患 (IBD) と関連しているが,特定の真菌の機能的役割は不明である.
- 配列化された真菌が生存可能であるか,病気において機能的な影響があるかは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 菌株と患者特有の腸内菌群の機能分析のためのプラットフォームを開発する.
- 炎症性腸疾患の病原性における特定の菌株の役割を調査する.
- ヒトの腸内における宿主菌の 交響メカニズムを特定する
主な方法:
- 高解像度シーケンシング,カルチュロミクス,ゲノミクス,CRISPR-Cas9遺伝子編集を組み合わせたトランスレーションプラットフォームを開発した.
- ヒトの腸内由来の真菌単離を用いた in vitro 免疫反応性測定と in vivo モデルを実施した.
- 免疫細胞の損傷と炎症反応を中心に宿主菌との相互作用を分析した.
主要な成果:
- IBD患者で様々なCandida albicans菌株が発見され,その中には免疫細胞を損傷する能力が高い菌株 (HD菌株) が発見されました.
- 潰瘍性大腸炎の特徴とIL-1β依存メカニズムによる腸炎の悪化と相関するHD株.
- カンジダリシン毒素はニッチ固有の免疫とTヘルパー17細胞の反応を媒介し,病原体状態への移行を促した.
結論:
- 腸内における宿主菌の相互作用は 菌株特有である.
- 特定のCandida albicans菌株は病原体として作用し,炎症性腸疾患に寄与する.
- 菌性不活性症に関連した炎症性疾患の潜在的診断および治療標的を特定した.
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