予防医療の意思決定における患者と臨床医の協力と共同意思決定と米国の予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告
, Karina W Davidson1, Carol M Mangione2
1Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, New York, New York.
JAMA
|March 22, 2022
まとめ
患者中心の予防ケアには,共有意思決定 (SDM) が不可欠であり,USPSTFの勧告を患者個人の価値観と整合させる. SDMが健康上の不平等を軽減し,プライマリケアに関する議論を最適化するための役割を探求するには,さらなる研究が必要です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 医療サービス研究
- 臨床的意思決定
背景:
- 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) は,予防サービスに関する根拠に基づいた勧告を提供します.
- 患者中心のケアが アメリカの医療の基本原則です
- 共同意思決定 (SDM) は,患者と臨床医が共同で健康に関する意思決定を行うことを意味します.
研究 の 目的:
- USPSTFの勧告のスペクトル全体でSDMの役割を検討する.
- SDMが予防ケアにおける患者への関与と患者中心性をどのようにサポートしているのかを強調する.
- SDMが健康の平等とプライマリケアに与える影響に関する将来の研究分野を特定する.
主な方法:
- USPSTFの推奨カテゴリー (A,B,C,D,I) の分析
- 患者中心のケアと共同の意思決定の原則の見直し
- SDMが異なるレベルの証拠と利益に及ぼす影響についての議論
主要な成果:
- SDMは患者にとって,AまたはBの勧告を個人の価値観と整合させるのに不可欠です.
- SDMは患者にとって,Cの推奨の純利益が価値あるかどうかを判断する上で非常に重要です.
- 臨床医は,Dの推奨事項やIの記述について,患者が問い合わせた場合,話し合う準備を整えるべきである.
結論:
- SDMは,USPSTFの勧告を患者中心に実施するために不可欠です.
- 健康上の不平等を減らす SDMの有効性を確かめるにはさらなる証拠が必要です.
- SDMの議論をプライマリケアワークフローに統合するには新しい戦略が必要です.
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