T細胞におけるアンドロゲン受容体の活性が,チェックポイント阻害の有効性を制限する
Xiangnan Guan1,2,3, Fanny Polesso4, Chaojie Wang4,5
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Nature
|March 24, 2022
まとめ
アンドロゲン受容体 (AR) 阻害はCD8T細胞の機能を高め,前立腺がんにおける免疫療法反応を改善する. このアプローチはT細胞の枯渇を防止し,IFNγの発現を刺激することで抗腫瘍免疫を高めます.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- 免疫学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 免疫チェックポイントの封鎖は 癌治療に革命をもたらしましたが 進行した前立腺がんでは 免疫療法は大幅に失敗しました
- アンドロゲン欠乏治療は前立腺がんの標準治療法であり,抗腫瘍T細胞に影響を与える可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- アンドロゲン受容体 (AR) 阻害が前立腺腫瘍を免疫療法に敏感にするかどうかを調査する.
- ARシグナルがT細胞機能と免疫療法の反応に影響するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 腫瘍宿主からのCD8T細胞におけるAR活性抑制.
- T細胞枯渇マーカーの評価とPD-1封鎖に対する反応
- インターフェロン・ガンマ (IFNγ) 発現とIFng遺伝子へのAR結合の分析
主要な成果:
- AR阻害はCD8T細胞の枯渇を防止し,PD-1標的治療に対する反応を高めました.
- CD8 T細胞のAR活性抑制により,IFNγの生成が増加した.
- ARはIFNG遺伝子に直接結合し,その退去はCD8T細胞のサイトカイン生成を増加させた.
結論:
- T細胞内部のAR活動はIFNγ発現を抑制し,前立腺がんにおける免疫療法抵抗性の新しいメカニズムを表しています.
- T細胞のARをターゲットにすることで,免疫療法の有効性を高め,進行した前立腺がんの治療に新しい戦略を提供することができます.
関連する概念動画
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
6.7K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
6.7K
Tumor Immunotherapy
699
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
699
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
7.0K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
7.0K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
2.2K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
2.2K
Inhibition of Cdk Activity
5.0K
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
5.0K
T Cell Types and Functions
1.5K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.5K


