肥満は炎症性疾患の病理と治療への反応を変化させる
Sagar P Bapat1,2,3,4,5,6, Caroline Whitty7,8, Cody T Mowery8,9,10
1NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA. sagar.bapat@ucsf.edu.
Nature
|March 31, 2022
まとめ
肥満はアトピー性皮膚炎における免疫反応を変化させ,炎症をTヘルパー2 (TH2) からTヘルパー17 (TH17) 細胞にシフトさせます. T細胞におけるPPARγの活性化は,肥満に起因する免疫不調を防ぐための鍵です.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 代謝疾患の研究
- 皮膚科
背景:
- 免疫反応と標的治療において,サイトカインシグナル伝達とT細胞の分化が不可欠である.
- 肥満や代謝疾患は 免疫系に影響を及ぼすことがますます認められていますが そのメカニズムは不明です
- 免疫療法の結果に対する肥満の影響はほとんど不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- アトピー性皮膚炎のモデルにおける肥満が免疫反応にどのように影響するかを調査する.
- 肥満に起因する免疫不調のメカニズムを決定する.
- 肥満に関連する炎症性疾患の治療戦略を探求する.
主な方法:
- 痩せたマウスと肥満マウスの アトピー性皮膚炎の2つのモデルを使用した.
- 単細胞RNA配列と全ゲノム結合分析を行った.
- T細胞におけるペロキシソーム増殖剤活性化受容体-γ (PPARγ) の条件付きアブレーションを行いました.
- 小分子PPARγアゴニストを肥満マウスに投与した.
主要な成果:
- 肥満はアトピー性皮膚炎をTH2から重度のTH17の炎症に変えた.
- TH2 サイトキンを標的とした生物学的治療は,痩せたマウスでは効果的であったが,肥満マウスでは疾患を悪化させた.
- 肥満のマウスは,TH2細胞におけるPPARγの活性が低下しており,PPARγはTH2の主な反応に不可欠である.
- PPARγアゴニストによる治療はTH17の病理性を減らし,肥満マウスの抗TH2治療に対する反応性を回復させた.
結論:
- 肥満はアトピー性皮膚炎における免疫反応を著しく変化させ,より重度のTH17誘発性炎症を引き起こす.
- PPARγは,TH2に焦点を当てた免疫反応を維持し,異常な炎症を予防する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- PPARγをターゲットにすることで,肥満に起因する免疫不調を管理し,治療結果を改善する潜在的精密医療アプローチが提供されます.
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