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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
686
Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
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Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...
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Cognitivism01:17

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

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実験集団における選択的社会的学習によって保存された複雑な認知アルゴリズム

B Thompson1, B van Opheusden2, T Sumers2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 31, 2022
PubMed
まとめ

選択的社会学習は 複雑な認知アルゴリズムを 世代を超えて保存するのに役立ちます そうでなければ 単純で伝達しやすい解決策を好む傾向があり 文化的進化に影響を及ぼします

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Last Updated: Sep 28, 2025

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科学分野:

  • 認知科学
  • 進化心理学
  • コンピュータ社会科学

背景:

  • 人間の認知能力は 世代を超えて蓄積された知識に依存します
  • 複雑な革新的なアルゴリズムを文化的に伝達することは,コンセプトの移転の困難のために困難です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 複雑な認知アルゴリズムがどのように保存され 世代を超えて伝達されるかを調査する
  • 問題解決戦略の文化的進化における社会的学習の役割を理解する.

主な方法:

  • 12世代20集団にわたる 3450人の参加者を含む大規模な実験シミュレーションです
  • 参加者は,難しい順次決定問題 (数値並べ替え) を解決し,解決策を伝達しました.
  • 選択的社会学習と非選択的社会学習の集団間のアルゴリズム持続性の比較

主要な成果:

  • このシミュレーションでは,既知の分類アルゴリズムがいくつか再発見されました.
  • 複雑なアルゴリズムは,選択的社会学習の集団では,より頻繁に持続しました.
  • 選択的学習のない集団は 複雑なアルゴリズムを失い 単純で伝播可能なアルゴリズムに収束します

結論:

  • 選択的社会学習は 稀で高性能な認知アルゴリズムの保持に不可欠です
  • 学習パートナーを選ぶ能力は,複雑なイノベーションの文化的蓄積を容易にする.
  • 発見は人間の社交性と高度な認知機能の 関連性を裏付けています