単細胞のFcγR媒介のSARS-CoV-2感染は炎症を活性化する
Caroline Junqueira1,2,3, Ângela Crespo4,5, Shahin Ranjbar4,6
1Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. caroline.junqueira@childrens.harvard.edu.
Nature
|April 6, 2022
まとめ
SARS-CoV-2は単細胞に感染し,炎症体の活性化と熱死を引き起こす. この炎症性細胞死はウイルスの複製を中止するが,COVID-19の全身性炎症に寄与する.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- 病原性
背景:
- 重度のCOVID-19は重大な炎症と関連しているが,SARS-CoV-2がこの反応を起こすメカニズムは不明である.
- モノサイトとマクロファージは,病原体を感知し,炎症体の活性化を通じて炎症反応を開始する重要な免疫細胞です.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2による炎症におけるモノサイトとマクロファージの役割を調査する.
- SARS-CoV-2が免疫細胞の炎症性細胞死を引き起こすメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- COVID-19患者のSARS-CoV-2に感染した単細胞の分析.
- Fcγ受容体による単細胞によるSARS-CoV-2の抗体依存吸収の調査.
- 感染したモノサイトとマクロファージにおける炎症体活性化 (NLRP3,AIM2),カスパース-1,ガスダーミンDの評価.
- COVID-19患者の肺解剖組織の検査.
主要な成果:
- COVID-19患者の血液単細胞の約6%がSARS-CoV-2に感染しており,これは抗体によるウイルスの吸収に依存している.
- SARS-CoV-2による単細胞の感染は中止され,感染ウイルスは生成されませんでした.
- 感染した単細胞はNLRP3とAIM2炎症体活性化,カスパース-1およびガスダーミンDにより発火した.
- COVID-19患者の肺解剖サンプルにおける組織内マクロファージで活性化した炎症体が観察されました.
結論:
- 単細胞とマクロファージによる抗体媒介によるSARS-CoV-2の吸収は炎症体活性化と熱死を引き起こす.
- この炎症性細胞死メカニズムは感染性ウイルスの産生を中止するが,全身の炎症とCOVID-19の病原化に寄与する.
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