40の熱光発電効率
Alina LaPotin1, Kevin L Schulte2, Myles A Steiner2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|April 14, 2022
まとめ
研究者らは,赤外線を40%以上の効率で電気に変換する新しい熱光電池 (TPV) を開発しました. これらの高帯域ギャップのタンドムセルはスペクトルフィルタリングとバックリフレクターを活用し,効率的な熱エネルギー貯蔵とグリッドの脱炭素化への道を開きます.
科学分野:
- エネルギー変換と貯蔵
- 材料科学
- 太陽光発電
背景:
- 熱光伏は,光伏効果を使用して赤外線を電気に変換し,高温のエネルギー貯蔵と変換の可能性を提供します.
- 理論上の効率は50%を超えても,実証されたTPV効率は1,300°C以下の温度で32%に制限されています.
- 以前のTPVは,2000°Cで29%の効率を達成し,統合された裏面反射器とボルンガムエミターを使用しました.
研究 の 目的:
- 高温作動 (1,900〜2,400°C) に最適化された高帯域タンドム電池の効率を製造および測定する.
- TPV電池の効率が40%を超えることを実証し,熱エネルギー格子貯蔵アプリケーションにおけるその可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- バンドギャップ1.0~1.4 eVのIII-V材料を用いた2連接型TPV電池の製造
- バンドエッジスペクトルフィルタリングを利用した高温エミッター (1,900-2,400°C) のセル最適化.
- 高反射の裏面反射器を導入し,サブバンドギャップの放射線を放出器に戻す.
主要な成果:
- 1.4/1.2 eVのTPV装置は2400°Cで最大41.1%の効率と2.39W/cm2の電力密度を達成した.
- 1.2/1.0 eVのTPV装置は2,127°Cで最大39.3%の効率と1.8W/cm2の電力密度を達成しました.
- 高帯域ギャップのタンデムTPVセルでの高効率の実験実証
結論:
- 開発された高帯域のタンデムTPV電池は,効率が40%を超え,この分野を大幅に前進させています.
- これらのTPV電池は,送電可能な再生可能エネルギーを可能にする熱エネルギー格子貯蔵システムに統合するのに適しています.
- この研究は,電力網の脱炭素化に不可欠な,高効率で低コストな熱エネルギー貯蔵を実現するための道筋を提供します.
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