古代人の生息地や種の継承に及ぼす気候の影響
Axel Timmermann1,2, Kyung-Sook Yun3,4, Pasquale Raia5
1Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan, South Korea. timmermann@pusan.ac.kr.
Nature
|April 14, 2022
まとめ
過去200万年の気候の変化は 人類の進化と生息地の適性に 大きく影響しました 初期の人類は 安定した気候を好み 後期の人類は 変化する環境に適応した
科学分野:
- 古代気候学
- 古人類学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 気候の変化は 過去200万年にわたる ホモ属の進化の 重要な原動力であると考えられています
- この関連性を定量化するのは,重要な人類学的な地域における古気候のデータが限られているため困難である.
研究 の 目的:
- 過去200万年の5つのヒト類の 生息環境の適性を調査する
- 人類の進化と分布に及ぼす 気候変動の影響を定量化するためです
主な方法:
- 前代未聞の プレイストセンの一般循環モデルのシミュレーションを用いた
- 化石と考古学的記録の広範なコンパイルを組み合わせたモデルデータ.
- 分析された生息地の重複と気候の変動がヒト類に与える影響
主要な成果:
- 天文学的に強制された気候変動 (気温,降雨量,純一次生産) はヒト類の分布に大きな影響を与えた.
- プレイストセンの初期の人類は 気候の変動が少ない環境を好んでいた.
- プレイストセンの中期後の時代,古代人類は様々な気候の変遷に適応し,広範囲に広がった.
結論:
- 気候に起因する生息環境の変化は ホミニンの進化と移住パターンの大きな役割を果たしました
- ホモ・サイピエンスとネアンデルタール人がホモ・ハイデルベルゲンシス集団から分岐した原因は,前期的な気候の乱れだったのかもしれない.
- この研究は 気候変動による人類の起源に関する仮説を検証するための 堅固な枠組みを提供するものです
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