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生物学的結晶の複雑な形態は,対称性に関連する側面のアニソトロプ的成長から生じる

Emanuel M Avrahami¹, Lothar Houben², Lior Aram¹

¹Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 14, 2022

まとめ

生物は特定の側面の結晶の成長率を制御することで,ココロリトのような複雑な結晶の形を作り出します. この研究は,単一の側面の差異的な成長が複雑でキラルなカルシート構造を生むことを明らかにしています

科学分野:

バイオミネラル化
クリスタルグラフィー
海洋生物学

背景:

生物は複雑な結晶構造を生み出し典型的な熱力学的成長パターンに逆らっています
単細胞藻類の微細なカルシット結晶であるココライトは複雑な形状を示しています
これらの複雑な形状は,多くの結晶学的な側面と有機分子相互作用の結果であると仮定されています.

研究の目的:

ココリト結晶の 3 次元の発達を調査する
複雑なココロリトの形状の背後にある結晶学的メカニズムを理解する.
成長率の操作で複雑な結晶構造が得られるかどうか

主な方法:

電子トモグラフィーを用いた3次元分析
ココリットの複数の発達段階の観察
結晶学的な側面と成長パターンの分析

主要な成果:

ココライトの結晶は,対称性に関連した結晶学的な側面の単一セットを使用します.
これらの側面の差異的な成長は高度にアニゾトロプ的形状につながります.
モルフォロジカル・キラリティは,特定の側面の縁に沿って結晶を方向づけることによって達成されます.

結論:

複雑な結晶形状は,特定の側面の制御された微分成長によって達成できます.
有機分子の相互作用は結晶の成長を調整しますが微分的な成長が鍵です
成長率の操作は,ココロリトに見られるように,複雑な結晶構造を生成するのに十分なメカニズムです.

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