腸が脳に話しかける
1Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 14, 2022
まとめ
腸内細菌のペプチドグリカンは 脳の回路に作用することで 食欲に影響します この研究により 栄養を制御する 新しい腸-脳軸のメカニズムが明らかになりました
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 神経科学
- メタボリズム
背景:
- 腸内微生物群は 宿主の生理に影響を与える様々な分子を 生み出します
- 腸-脳軸は エネルギーホメオスタシスの調節に 重要な役割を果たします
- 食欲の調節には 複雑な神経回路が関わります
研究 の 目的:
- 食欲制御における腸内微生物由来ペプチドグリカンの役割を調査する.
- ペプチドグリカンが標的となる特定の下垂体回路を特定する.
- ペプチドグリカン媒介による食欲調節の基礎となる分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 糞便サンプルからのペプチドグリカン成分の分析
- 標的型遺伝子改変によるマウスモデルを用いた in vivo 研究
- 電気生理学的記録と 視床下部のニューロンのカルシウム画像
- 食事の摂取量と飽和度を測定する行動分析
主要な成果:
- 腸内細菌からの特定のペプチドグリカンは食欲を大幅に変化させることが判明しました.
- これらのペプチドグリカンを投与すると,重要な下垂体核における神経活性が調節される.
- ペプチドグリカンは食欲を調節する神経ペプチド信号伝達に影響することが示された.
- 標的を絞った介入は実験モデルにおける食事の行動を変化させた.
結論:
- 腸内微生物ペプチドグリカンは食欲の調節の重要な媒介です.
- 栄養を制御する微生物代謝産物の重要な標的は下垂体です.
- これらの発見は 腸-脳軸における新種の経路を 強調しています
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