ニューロンのNod2によるバクテリアの感知が食欲と体温を調節する

Ilana Gabanyi^1,2, Gabriel Lepousez¹, Richard Wheeler³

¹Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Memory Unit, F-75015 Paris, France.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 14, 2022

まとめ

腸内細菌は神経細胞による細菌のペプチドグライカンの感知を通して脳と通信しますこの微生物感知メカニズムは,Nod2受容体によって調節され,特に女性では食欲と代謝を調節します.

科学分野:

神経科学
微生物学
メタボリズム

背景:

腸内細菌はホストの脳機能と代謝に大きな影響を与えます
腸と脳のコミュニケーションの正確なメカニズムは完全に理解されていません
脳のニューロンによる微生物の成分を直接感知することは妥当な経路です

研究の目的:

細菌の細胞壁の成分が脳神経に直接感知されるかどうかを調べる
細菌のペプチドグリカンが腸と脳とのコミュニケーションに果たす役割を明らかにする.
この相互作用に関与する特定の神経経路と受容体を特定する.

主な方法:

マウスモデルを使って腸と脳のコミュニケーションを調べました
バクテリアのペプチドグリカンと Nod2受容体の役割を調査した.
脳内のニューロン活動に対するペプチドグリカン系ムロペプチドの影響を分析した.

主要な成果:

バクテリアのペプチドグリカンは Nod2受容体を通して腸と脳との通信を媒介する.
ペプチドグリカン由来のムロペプチドは脳に到達し,Nod2発現ニューロンの活動を調節する.
胃口と体温の調節には特に女性において Nod2の活性化が不可欠である.

結論:

細菌のペプチドグリカンとNod2受容体が関与する直接的な微生物感知メカニズムを特定しました
この経路は,食生活と宿主の代謝を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
この発見は,腸内微生物群と生理学的機能の神経学的制御の間の重要なリンクを強調しています.

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