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関連する概念動画

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

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Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
135
Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

Peptidoglycan Synthesis

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Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
559
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Mass Spectrometry-Guided Genome Mining as a Tool to Uncover Novel Natural Products
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モロイドンペプチドの遺伝子誘導発見とリボソーム生物合成

Roland D Kersten1, Lisa S Mydy1, Timothy R Fallon2,3

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 19, 2022
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

科学者は,モロイドンペプチドは,リボソーム合成と翻訳後の改変 (RiPP) 経路を使用して植物によって作られていることを発見しました. これは植物由来がん治療の開発に 新たな道を開きます

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From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes T&#252;6028
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科学分野:

  • 生物化学
  • 植物学
  • 薬物の発見

背景:

  • 植物性ペプチドであるモロイディンは 癌治療薬としての可能性を示していますが 生産するのは困難です
  • 既存の分離と合成方法では 薬の開発を制限する低量の産物が得られる.

研究 の 目的:

  • モロイドン型バイサイクルペプチドの代替生産経路として生物合成を調査する.
  • 植物におけるモロイドンの生物合成に 責任を負う酵素を特定する.

主な方法:

  • モロイドンの前駆体ペプチドとサイクラスを識別するための鉱山植物トランスクリプトーム.
  • 日本のケリア・モロイドン・サイクラスの機能を特徴づけている.
  • 遺伝子組み換えたばこ植物でセロゲンチンCを含む様々なモロジンを生成する.

主要な成果:

  • モロイドン型ペプチドは,BURP領域のペプチドサイクラスを介してリボソーム合成され,翻訳後の改変 (RiPPs) される.
  • 日本のケリアから新しいモロイドン・サイクラスが特定され,特徴づけられました.
  • トランスジェニックたばこ植物は,肺腺がん細胞に対して細胞毒性を示すセルゲンチンCを成功裏に産生した.

結論:

  • 生物合成はモロイドン型ペプチドの生産に適した代替手段である.
  • 植物トランスクリプトームの採掘は,新しい生物活性サイクルペプチドとその酵素を発見するのに有効です.
  • この研究は,バイオシンセシスによるモロイドンベースの治療法の開発への道を開きます.